{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168455609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","title":"BER analysis of TDD downlink multiuser MIMO systems with imperfect channel state information","display_name":"BER analysis of TDD downlink multiuser MIMO systems with imperfect channel state information","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168455609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","mag":"2168455609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090449855","display_name":"Baolong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-7842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baolong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103085389","display_name":"Lingge Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3895-6457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingge Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035948567","display_name":"Shengjie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-2522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengjie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","Wireless R&D, Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell, Shanghai, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless R&D, Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745883","display_name":"Chen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090449855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":1.8856,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87490052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.8139523267745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.7089581489562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.6975191831588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6846765875816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6113097071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duplex","display_name":"Duplex (building)","score":0.5177385210990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5030145049095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.49737003445625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.47054702043533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.44144654273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.391433447599411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2973017692565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18227848410606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1416269838809967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.8139523267745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.7089581489562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.6975191831588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6846765875816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6113097071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99611785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453233","display_name":"Duplex (building)","level":3,"score":0.5177385210990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5030145049095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.49737003445625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.47054702043533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.44144654273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.391433447599411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2973017692565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18227848410606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1416269838809967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-6180-2011-104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1785321191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2010ZX03003-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3349582852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6083200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6058138561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2168455609.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2168455609.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W1596939795","https://openalex.org/W1976109068","https://openalex.org/W2072184935","https://openalex.org/W2097578209","https://openalex.org/W2098126478","https://openalex.org/W2104057862","https://openalex.org/W2111451941","https://openalex.org/W2116141601","https://openalex.org/W2121630005","https://openalex.org/W2125036693","https://openalex.org/W2128762502","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2151024466","https://openalex.org/W2160998222","https://openalex.org/W2163968165","https://openalex.org/W2164536085","https://openalex.org/W2164664877","https://openalex.org/W2164974876","https://openalex.org/W2171137864","https://openalex.org/W2539997773","https://openalex.org/W3112681748","https://openalex.org/W4212888567","https://openalex.org/W4229746864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3141240674","https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2744170735","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2546639359","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,49,115],"downlink":[1,78,107,144],"multiuser":[2],"multiple-input":[3],"multiple-output":[4],"(MU-MIMO)":[5],"systems,":[6,54],"the":[7,27,36,39,46,55,73,77,82,85,90,189,192,201,212],"zero-forcing":[8],"(ZF)":[9],"transmission":[10,108],"is":[11,185],"a":[12,132],"simple":[13],"and":[14,20,64,89,99,106,126,195],"effective":[15],"technique":[16],"for":[17,139,179,188],"separating":[18],"users":[19],"data":[21],"streams":[22],"of":[23,38,81,84,191,203],"each":[24],"user":[25],"at":[26,45,175],"transmitter":[28,47],"side,":[29],"but":[30],"its":[31],"performance":[32,113,169],"depends":[33],"greatly":[34],"on":[35,61],"accuracy":[37],"available":[40],"channel":[41,69,100,127,150,172],"state":[42],"information":[43],"(CSI)":[44],"side.":[48],"time":[50,180],"division":[51],"duplex":[52],"(TDD)":[53],"base":[56],"station":[57],"estimates":[58],"CSI":[59,97,104,120,124,158,165],"based":[60],"uplink":[62,91],"pilots":[63],"then":[65],"uses":[66],"it":[67],"through":[68],"reciprocity":[70],"to":[71],"generate":[72],"precoding":[74],"matrix":[75],"in":[76,142],"transmission.":[79],"Because":[80],"constraints":[83],"TDD":[86,143],"frame":[87],"structure":[88],"pilot":[92],"overhead,":[93],"there":[94],"inevitably":[95],"exists":[96],"delay":[98,125,159,166],"estimation":[101,105,128,151,173],"error":[102,135,152,174],"between":[103],"channel,":[109],"which":[110],"degrades":[111],"system":[112],"significantly.":[114],"this":[116],"article,":[117],"by":[118,123],"characterizing":[119],"inaccuracies":[121],"caused":[122],"error,":[129],"we":[130],"develop":[131],"novel":[133],"bit":[134],"rate":[136],"(BER)":[137],"expression":[138],"M-QAM":[140],"signal":[141],"MU-MIMO":[145,204],"systems.":[146,205],"We":[147],"find":[148],"that":[149],"causes":[153,160,167],"array":[154],"gain":[155,162],"loss":[156],"while":[157],"diversity":[161],"loss.":[163],"Moreover,":[164],"more":[168],"degradation":[170],"than":[171],"high":[176],"signal-to-noise":[177],"ratio":[178],"varying":[181],"channel.":[182],"Our":[183],"research":[184],"especially":[186],"valuable":[187],"design":[190],"adaptive":[193],"modulation":[194],"coding":[196],"scheme":[197],"as":[198,200],"well":[199],"optimization":[202],"Numerical":[206],"simulations":[207],"show":[208],"accurate":[209],"agreement":[210],"with":[211],"proposed":[213],"analytical":[214],"expressions.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
