{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082919512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","title":"Analysis and modeling of spatial characteristics in urban microscenario of heterogeneous network","display_name":"Analysis and modeling of spatial characteristics in urban microscenario of heterogeneous network","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082919512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","mag":"2082919512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434769","display_name":"Jianhua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-3846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002243981","display_name":"Nan Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6891-8438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738626","display_name":"Fenghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9048-102X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fenghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100777331","display_name":"Lei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-6075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737335","display_name":"Guangyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China","China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112116857","display_name":"Weihui Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihui Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China","China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405840","display_name":"Ping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0820-2056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, P.O. Box 92, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110276799","display_name":"Chia\u2010Chin Chong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Chin Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange-France Telecom, San Francisco, CA, USA","Orange-France Telecom, San Francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange-France Telecom, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange-France Telecom, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100434769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12817297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7850981950759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.7092176079750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6183391809463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5801659822463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5652366280555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.4882514774799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.42989209294319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4239123463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.42193347215652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40122857689857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.3559517562389374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3332270681858063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.26164329051971436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7850981950759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.7092176079750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6183391809463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5801659822463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5652366280555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.4882514774799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.42989209294319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4239123463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42193347215652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40122857689857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3559517562389374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3332270681858063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.26164329051971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2082919512.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2082919512.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1900918285","https://openalex.org/W1993193419","https://openalex.org/W2034427770","https://openalex.org/W2104365751","https://openalex.org/W2122977149","https://openalex.org/W2125919582","https://openalex.org/W2133149827","https://openalex.org/W2135647798","https://openalex.org/W2149569983","https://openalex.org/W2598678312","https://openalex.org/W2615651642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2774914946","https://openalex.org/W2900608567","https://openalex.org/W1977989201","https://openalex.org/W2786742173","https://openalex.org/W2770110807","https://openalex.org/W4384927734","https://openalex.org/W2954228414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heterogeneous":[0],"network":[1],"(HetNet)":[2],"is":[3,70,112,134,173],"a":[4],"typical":[5,118],"deployment":[6],"scenario":[7,55],"for":[8,39,51,117,157],"the":[9,13,20,24,37,47,65,75,84,87,91,122,126,131,145,151,165,177,182],"IMT-Advanced":[10,93,147],"system":[11],"whereby":[12],"macro":[14],"enhanced":[15],"node":[16],"B":[17],"(eNB)":[18],"provides":[19],"wide":[21],"coverage":[22,40],"while":[23],"lower":[25],"power":[26,69],"nodes":[27,35],"such":[28,141],"as":[29],"micro,":[30],"pico,":[31],"femto,":[32],"and":[33,160,167],"relay":[34],"extend":[36],"coverage/capacity":[38],"hole":[41],"or":[42],"hotspot.":[43],"This":[44],"literature":[45],"addresses":[46],"spatial":[48,142],"propagation":[49],"modeling":[50],"urban":[52],"micro":[53],"(UMi)":[54],"of":[56,86],"HetNet.":[57],"Due":[58],"to":[59,99,139,175],"users":[60],"distributed":[61],"in":[62,79,114,186],"canyon":[63],"streets,":[64],"multipath":[66],"with":[67],"high":[68],"not":[71],"always":[72],"coming":[73],"from":[74,130],"line-of-sight":[76],"(LoS)":[77],"direction":[78,133],"UMi":[80,94,148,187],"scenario.":[81,188],"Moreover,":[82],"considering":[83],"impact":[85],"directional":[88],"antenna":[89],"pattern,":[90],"current":[92],"channel":[95,110,149,184],"model":[96,180,185],"may":[97],"lead":[98],"inaccurate":[100],"interference":[101,166],"modeling.":[102],"To":[103],"verify":[104],"this,":[105],"multiple-input":[106],"multiple-output":[107],"(MIMO)":[108],"field":[109],"measurement":[111,123],"conducted":[113],"downtown":[115],"Beijing":[116],"UMi.":[119],"Based":[120],"on":[121],"data":[124],"analysis,":[125],"multipath's":[127],"angular":[128,152],"offset":[129,153,179],"LoS":[132,159],"clearly":[135],"observed.":[136],"In":[137],"order":[138],"capture":[140,176],"characteristic":[143],"into":[144,181],"existing":[146],"model,":[150],"models":[154],"are":[155],"proposed":[156],"both":[158],"non-LoS":[161],"(NLoS)":[162],"cases.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"capacity":[168],"simulation":[169],"prove":[170],"that":[171],"it":[172],"necessary":[174],"angle":[178],"MIMO":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}