{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1778292760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","title":"Estimation of hospital emergency room data using otc pharmaceutical sales and least mean square filters","display_name":"Estimation of hospital emergency room data using otc pharmaceutical sales and least mean square filters","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1778292760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","mag":"1778292760","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15113417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109061476","display_name":"AH Najmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"AH Najmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Securit Technology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723-6099, USA. najmi@jhuapl.edu","National Securit Technology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Securit Technology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723-6099, USA. najmi@jhuapl.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Securit Technology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108373290","display_name":"S.F. Magruder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SF Magruder","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Securit Technology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD, 20723-6099, USA","National Securit Technology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Securit Technology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD, 20723-6099, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Securit Technology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109061476"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":2.3128,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89147287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.1476999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.1476999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.09560000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.06970000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-impulse-response","display_name":"Finite impulse response","score":0.5158085823059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.46323415637016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.46067342162132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.4567199945449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45175328850746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.44819748401641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44194158911705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-mean-squares-filter","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","score":0.423565149307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.42291632294654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4105128049850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.4064139723777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.299138605594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1903461515903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11599656939506531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198386975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117785","display_name":"Finite impulse response","level":2,"score":0.5158085823059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.46323415637016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.46067342162132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.4567199945449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45175328850746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44819748401641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44194158911705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32617633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426666","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","level":3,"score":0.423565149307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.42291632294654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4105128049850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4064139723777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.299138605594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1903461515903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11599656939506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004366","descriptor_name":"Nonprescription Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004366","descriptor_name":"Nonprescription Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004366","descriptor_name":"Nonprescription Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019538","descriptor_name":"Health Care Surveys","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019538","descriptor_name":"Health Care Surveys","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019538","descriptor_name":"Health Care Surveys","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019538","descriptor_name":"Health Care Surveys","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019538","descriptor_name":"Health Care Surveys","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019538","descriptor_name":"Health Care Surveys","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15113417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15113417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:597b18b12d144c3798a364e25aee0f3e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/597b18b12d144c3798a364e25aee0f3e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 4, Iss 1, p 5 (2004)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:102685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC419503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:419503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/419503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-4-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337644","display_name":"Naval Sea Systems Command","ror":"https://ror.org/03dm1p143"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1778292760.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1778292760.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581749826","https://openalex.org/W1602659231","https://openalex.org/W2161186998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2287235845","https://openalex.org/W2586228848","https://openalex.org/W2081837274","https://openalex.org/W2253481662","https://openalex.org/W1998353256","https://openalex.org/W2357454918","https://openalex.org/W2189195857","https://openalex.org/W3040496336","https://openalex.org/W2370278301","https://openalex.org/W2163053524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Surveillance":[1],"of":[2,12,21,34,47,138,140,149,161,202,214],"Over-the-Counter":[3],"pharmaceutical":[4],"(OTC)":[5],"sales":[6],"as":[7,93,95,144,146,173,176],"a":[8,80,97,136,174,199],"potential":[9],"early":[10],"indicator":[11],"developing":[13],"public":[14,204],"health":[15,205],"conditions,":[16],"in":[17,19,28,165],"particular":[18,163],"cases":[20],"interest":[22,35],"to":[23,61,177],"Bioterrorism,":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26],"suggested":[27],"the":[29,45,52,56,65,70,86,103,109,124,147,150,159,167,184,219,223],"literature.":[30],"The":[31,74,106],"data":[32,54,67,76,88,170,221,225],"streams":[33],"are":[36,77],"quite":[37],"non-stationary":[38],"and":[39,83,123,134,171,210,222],"we":[40,84],"address":[41],"this":[42],"problem":[43],"from":[44,64,207],"viewpoint":[46],"linear":[48],"adaptive":[49,193],"filter":[50,99,122],"theory:":[51],"clinical":[53,87,168,185,220],"is":[55,60,114,198],"primary":[57],"channel":[58],"which":[59,178],"be":[62],"estimated":[63],"OTC":[66,75,104,142,208,224],"that":[68,100,191],"form":[69],"reference":[71],"channels.":[72,226],"METHOD:":[73],"grouped":[78],"into":[79],"few":[81],"categories":[82],"estimate":[85],"using":[89,96,116],"each":[90,141,162],"individual":[91],"category,":[92,143],"well":[94,145],"multichannel":[98],"encompasses":[101],"all":[102,131],"categories.":[105],"estimation":[107,132],"(in":[108],"least":[110,195],"mean":[111],"square":[112],"sense)":[113],"performed":[115],"an":[117],"FIR":[118,194],"(Finite":[119],"Impulse":[120],"Response)":[121],"normalized":[125],"LMS":[126],"algorithm.":[127],"RESULTS:":[128],"We":[129],"show":[130,158],"results":[133,156,189],"present":[135],"table":[137],"effectiveness":[139,148,160],"combined":[151],"filtering":[152,197],"operation.":[153],"Individual":[154],"group":[155,164],"clearly":[157],"estimating":[166,203],"hospital":[169],"serve":[172],"guide":[175],"groups":[179],"have":[180],"sustained":[181],"correlations":[182,217],"with":[183],"data.":[186],"CONCLUSION:":[187],"Our":[188],"indicate":[190],"Multichannel":[192],"squares":[196],"viable":[200],"means":[201],"conditions":[206],"sales,":[209],"provide":[211],"quantitative":[212],"measures":[213],"time":[215],"dependent":[216],"between":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}