{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965896835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","title":"Automated identification of pneumonia in chest radiograph reports in critically ill patients","display_name":"Automated identification of pneumonia in chest radiograph reports in critically ill patients","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965896835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","mag":"1965896835","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23947340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358904","display_name":"Vincent Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-9521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343052199","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente","ror":"https://ror.org/00t60zh31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. Vincent.X.Liu@kp.org","Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex CA 94612, Oakland, Northern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. Vincent.X.Liu@kp.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex CA 94612, Oakland, Northern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028894749","display_name":"Mark P. Clark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122253","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente Vallejo Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02r3xg590","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210122253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark P Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vallejo Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Vallejo, CA, Northern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vallejo Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Vallejo, CA, Northern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104044899","display_name":"Mark A Mendoza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-3318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136303","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/038yw9848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210136303"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Mendoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Clara Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, CA, Northern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Clara Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, CA, Northern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136303"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073633406","display_name":"Ramin R. Saket","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136303","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/038yw9848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210136303"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramin Saket","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Clara Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, CA, Northern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Clara Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, CA, Northern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136303"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113764699","display_name":"Marla N. Gardner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343052199","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente","ror":"https://ror.org/00t60zh31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marla N Gardner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex CA 94612, Oakland, Northern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex CA 94612, Oakland, Northern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005693905","display_name":"Benjamin J. Turk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343052199","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente","ror":"https://ror.org/00t60zh31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin J Turk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex CA 94612, Oakland, Northern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex CA 94612, Oakland, Northern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047682068","display_name":"Gabriel J. Escobar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-3327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343052199","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente","ror":"https://ror.org/00t60zh31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101532","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/011mkef94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210101532"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel J Escobar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex CA 94612, Oakland, Northern California","Walnut Creek Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, Northern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Systems Research Initiative, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Webster Annex CA 94612, Oakland, Northern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walnut Creek Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, Northern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101532"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100358904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":1.5909,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82010551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"90","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.2806999981403351,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.2806999981403351,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.14560000598430634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.09570000320672989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-radiograph","display_name":"Chest radiograph","score":0.6928563117980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.67113196849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia","display_name":"Pneumonia","score":0.6649107933044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.5591757893562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.5382141470909119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit","display_name":"Intensive care unit","score":0.4941721260547638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critically-ill","display_name":"Critically ill","score":0.4847581088542938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.4830263555049896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4668023884296417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4509831666946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care","display_name":"Intensive care","score":0.4304155111312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","score":0.41020333766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3946734070777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34154775738716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.22024646401405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.19259896874427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.18664517998695374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781137159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283318","display_name":"Chest radiograph","level":3,"score":0.6928563117980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.67113196849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.6649107933044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.5591757893562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.5382141470909119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.4941721260547638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991859549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Critically ill","level":2,"score":0.4847581088542938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.4830263555049896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4668023884296417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4509831666946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.4304155111312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.41020333766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3946734070777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34154775738716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.22024646401405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19259896874427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.18664517998695374}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010355","descriptor_name":"Patient Identification Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010355","descriptor_name":"Patient Identification Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010355","descriptor_name":"Patient Identification Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010355","descriptor_name":"Patient Identification Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010355","descriptor_name":"Patient Identification Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016638","descriptor_name":"Critical Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016638","descriptor_name":"Critical Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016638","descriptor_name":"Critical Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016638","descriptor_name":"Critical Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016638","descriptor_name":"Critical Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017064","descriptor_name":"Process Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23947340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23947340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2757446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3765332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3765332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3765332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-13-90","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5857601792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F32HS019181-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965896835.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965896835.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71813670","https://openalex.org/W1560862568","https://openalex.org/W1947718141","https://openalex.org/W1965380368","https://openalex.org/W1976081951","https://openalex.org/W1982284741","https://openalex.org/W1982464493","https://openalex.org/W1987195930","https://openalex.org/W2002514548","https://openalex.org/W2004637594","https://openalex.org/W2005853109","https://openalex.org/W2012688710","https://openalex.org/W2041345298","https://openalex.org/W2067998880","https://openalex.org/W2075305020","https://openalex.org/W2114388055","https://openalex.org/W2115915625","https://openalex.org/W2118500472","https://openalex.org/W2125726375","https://openalex.org/W2133979383","https://openalex.org/W2135583319","https://openalex.org/W2146717922","https://openalex.org/W2152344036","https://openalex.org/W2156518033","https://openalex.org/W2159294232","https://openalex.org/W2165456953","https://openalex.org/W2166503147","https://openalex.org/W2228821715","https://openalex.org/W2307731344","https://openalex.org/W2319095379","https://openalex.org/W2413422926","https://openalex.org/W4211194064","https://openalex.org/W4213270426","https://openalex.org/W4235958392","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165912799","https://openalex.org/W2735662278","https://openalex.org/W2382615723","https://openalex.org/W4311804456","https://openalex.org/W1987484445","https://openalex.org/W2623658258","https://openalex.org/W2140536630","https://openalex.org/W2391730868","https://openalex.org/W2143413548","https://openalex.org/W1969219540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Prior":[1],"studies":[2],"demonstrate":[3,224],"the":[4,150,178,181,204,207],"suitability":[5],"of":[6,34,87,163],"natural":[7],"language":[8],"processing":[9],"(NLP)":[10],"for":[11,104,107,128,197,236],"identifying":[12],"pneumonia":[13,105,229],"in":[14,24,84,96,149,221],"chest":[15],"radiograph":[16],"(CXR)":[17],"reports,":[18,37],"however,":[19],"few":[20,214],"evaluate":[21],"this":[22],"approach":[23],"intensive":[25],"care":[26],"unit":[27],"(ICU)":[28],"patients.":[29],"METHODS:":[30],"From":[31],"a":[32,41,85,228],"total":[33],"194,615":[35],"ICU":[36,98,205,222],"we":[38],"empirically":[39],"developed":[40],"lexicon":[42,52,131],"to":[43,66,171,240],"categorize":[44],"pneumonia-relevant":[45],"terms":[46,134,246],"and":[47,62,95,106,135,166,192,247],"uncertainty":[48,136,226,248],"profiles.":[49,176,249],"We":[50,80],"encoded":[51,140],"items":[53],"into":[54,141],"unique":[55],"queries":[56],"within":[57],"an":[58,64],"NLP":[59,143],"software":[60],"application":[61],"designed":[63],"algorithm":[65,82,182,208],"assign":[67],"automated":[68,238],"interpretations":[69,170,239],"('positive',":[70],"'possible',":[71],"or":[72],"'negative')":[73],"based":[74,173],"on":[75,174],"each":[76],"report's":[77],"query":[78,175],"profile.":[79],"evaluated":[81],"performance":[83],"sample":[86],"2,466":[88],"CXR":[89,219,241],"reports":[90,112,172,215,220,242],"interpreted":[91],"by":[92,117,243],"physician":[93,118],"consensus":[94],"two":[97],"patient":[99],"subgroups":[100],"including":[101],"those":[102],"admitted":[103],"rheumatologic/endocrine":[108],"diagnoses.":[109],"RESULTS:":[110],"Most":[111],"were":[113,121,126,139],"deemed":[114],"'negative'":[115,199],"(51.8%)":[116],"consensus.":[119],"Many":[120,218],"'possible'":[122],"(41.7%);":[123],"only":[124],"6.5%":[125],"'positive'":[127],"pneumonia.":[129],"The":[130],"included":[132],"105":[133],"profiles":[137],"that":[138],"31":[142],"queries.":[144],"Queries":[145],"identified":[146],"534,322":[147],"'hits'":[148,157],"full":[151],"sample,":[152],"with":[153],"2.7":[154],"\u00b1":[155],"2.6":[156],"per":[158],"report.":[159],"An":[160],"algorithm,":[161],"comprised":[162],"twenty":[164],"rules":[165],"probability":[167],"steps,":[168],"assigned":[169],"In":[177,203],"validation":[179],"set,":[180],"had":[183],"92.7%":[184],"sensitivity,":[185],"91.1%":[186],"specificity,":[187],"93.3%":[188],"positive":[189],"predictive":[190,195],"value,":[191],"90.3%":[193],"negative":[194],"value":[196],"differentiating":[198],"from":[200],"'positive'/'possible'":[201],"reports.":[202],"subgroups,":[206],"also":[209],"demonstrated":[210],"good":[211],"performance,":[212],"misclassifying":[213],"(5.8%).":[216],"CONCLUSIONS:":[217],"patients":[223],"frank":[225],"regarding":[227],"diagnosis.":[230],"This":[231],"electronic":[232],"tool":[233],"demonstrates":[234],"promise":[235],"assigning":[237],"leveraging":[244],"both":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}