{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020959315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","title":"ExaCT: automatic extraction of clinical trial characteristics from journal publications","display_name":"ExaCT: automatic extraction of clinical trial characteristics from journal publications","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020959315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","mag":"2020959315","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20920176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077738658","display_name":"Svetlana Kiritchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-3918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197604219","display_name":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Svetlana Kiritchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. svetlana.kiritchenko@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca","Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. svetlana.kiritchenko@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012098743","display_name":"Berry de Bruijn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berry de Bruijn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018986041","display_name":"Simona Carini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-9458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Carini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","University of California San Francisco, San francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Francisco, San francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112758595","display_name":"Joel Martin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088317099","display_name":"Ida Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-8459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ida Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","University of California San Francisco, San francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Francisco, San francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077738658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"],"apc_list":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"apc_paid":{"value":1570,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1925},"fwci":2.1479,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":194,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86848526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"56","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.7026000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.7026000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.11720000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.030700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7185112833976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6186314821243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.5791919231414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5621152520179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-extraction","display_name":"Data extraction","score":0.553104817867279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.4870167374610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical trial","score":0.4838244318962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.4534686505794525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4323161542415619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4126794636249542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39360353350639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.3312988877296448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2351832091808319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.11938399076461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0818319022655487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7185112833976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6186314821243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.5791919231414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5621152520179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.553104817867279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.4870167374610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4838244318962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.4534686505794525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4323161542415619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4126794636249542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39360353350639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3312988877296448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2351832091808319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11938399076461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0818319022655487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20920176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20920176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:16285567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=44149715-dfc1-4f4f-90ff-ef601c500765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f82c7016e04348158682fefcabe726d6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f82c7016e04348158682fefcabe726d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 56 (2010)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt346310h7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/346310h7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, vol 10, iss 1","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2954855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2954855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:qt346310h7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/346310h7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kiritchenko, Svetlana; de Bruijn, Berry; Carini, Simona; Martin, Joel; &amp; Sim, Ida. (2010). ExaCT: automatic extraction of clinical trial characteristics from journal publications. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 10(1), 56. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/346310h7","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-10-56","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7978086742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LM-06780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020959315.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020959315.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54878748","https://openalex.org/W68494008","https://openalex.org/W105700519","https://openalex.org/W116290139","https://openalex.org/W157776793","https://openalex.org/W199610845","https://openalex.org/W231136027","https://openalex.org/W1501619595","https://openalex.org/W1515842608","https://openalex.org/W1518603657","https://openalex.org/W1955353215","https://openalex.org/W1969711083","https://openalex.org/W1974689215","https://openalex.org/W2011058300","https://openalex.org/W2031835688","https://openalex.org/W2032570581","https://openalex.org/W2035682999","https://openalex.org/W2047351079","https://openalex.org/W2051649768","https://openalex.org/W2066565617","https://openalex.org/W2072419837","https://openalex.org/W2097426580","https://openalex.org/W2098044946","https://openalex.org/W2099188065","https://openalex.org/W2105460297","https://openalex.org/W2114388055","https://openalex.org/W2121678130","https://openalex.org/W2133993935","https://openalex.org/W2140407633","https://openalex.org/W2142960568","https://openalex.org/W2145003932","https://openalex.org/W2147581820","https://openalex.org/W2148008364","https://openalex.org/W2161566871","https://openalex.org/W2162468806","https://openalex.org/W2168905447","https://openalex.org/W2402929825","https://openalex.org/W2463921102","https://openalex.org/W4400191782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358294942","https://openalex.org/W4367460280","https://openalex.org/W2004087619","https://openalex.org/W4321472216","https://openalex.org/W2557094866","https://openalex.org/W2469016277","https://openalex.org/W2362196274","https://openalex.org/W2757101400","https://openalex.org/W1982302668","https://openalex.org/W2240384024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Clinical":[1],"trials":[2,91],"are":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,10,19,24,96,151,211,229,236,251,265,273,290,308],"the":[6,17,106,114,131,148,157,173,222,237,248,252,286],"most":[7,23],"important":[8],"sources":[9],"evidence":[11,51],"for":[12,45,108,181,187],"guiding":[13],"evidence-based":[14],"practice":[15],"and":[16,49,69,117,129,234,244,279,288,315,323],"design":[18],"new":[20],"trials.":[21],"However,":[22],"this":[25,188],"information":[26,59,100],"is":[27,40,179,313],"available":[28],"only":[29],"in":[30,35,227,262],"free":[31],"text":[32,109,140,170,202],"-":[33,38],"e.g.,":[34],"journal":[36,85],"publications":[37],"which":[39],"labour":[41],"intensive":[42],"to":[43,127,142,165,168,208,257,319],"process":[44],"systematic":[46],"reviews,":[47],"meta-analyses,":[48],"other":[50,321],"synthesis":[52],"studies.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"presents":[56],"an":[57,99],"automatic":[58],"extraction":[60,101,238,253,302],"system,":[61],"called":[62],"ExaCT,":[63],"that":[64,104,111,123,146,295],"assists":[65],"users":[66],"with":[67,221,270,300],"locating":[68],"extracting":[70],"key":[71],"trial":[72,115,154,184],"characteristics":[73,185,322],"(e.g.,":[74,326],"eligibility":[75],"criteria,":[76],"sample":[77],"size,":[78],"drug":[79],"dosage,":[80],"primary":[81],"outcomes)":[82],"from":[83],"full-text":[84],"articles":[86,198],"reporting":[87],"on":[88],"randomized":[89],"controlled":[90],"(RCTs).":[92],"METHODS:":[93],"ExaCT":[94,193],"consists":[95],"two":[97,249],"parts:":[98],"(IE)":[102],"engine":[103,136,254],"searches":[105],"article":[107],"fragments":[110,171],"best":[112],"describe":[113],"characteristics,":[116],"a":[118,138,153,271,297,306],"web":[119],"browser-based":[120],"user":[121],"interface":[122],"allows":[124],"human":[125],"reviewers":[126],"assess":[128],"modify":[130],"suggested":[132],"selections.":[133],"The":[134,176,201,311],"IE":[135,158],"uses":[137],"statistical":[139,298],"classifier":[141,203],"locate":[143],"those":[144],"sentences":[145,167,213],"have":[147],"highest":[149],"probability":[150],"describing":[152,199],"characteristic.":[155],"Then,":[156],"engine's":[159],"second":[160],"stage":[161],"applies":[162],"simple":[163],"rules":[164,239,303],"these":[166,274],"extract":[169],"containing":[172],"target":[174],"answer.":[175],"same":[177],"approach":[178],"used":[180],"all":[182],"21":[183],"selected":[186],"study.":[189],"RESULTS:":[190],"We":[191],"evaluated":[192],"using":[194],"50":[195],"previously":[196],"unseen":[197],"RCTs.":[200],"(first":[204],"stage)":[205,241],"was":[206],"able":[207,256],"recover":[209],"88%":[210],"relevant":[212,226],"among":[214],"its":[215],"top":[216],"five":[217],"candidates":[218],"(top5":[219],"recall)":[220],"topmost":[223],"candidate":[224],"being":[225],"80%":[228],"cases":[230],"(top1":[231],"precision).":[232],"Precision":[233],"recall":[235],"(second":[240],"were":[242,255],"93%":[243],"91%,":[245],"respectively.":[246],"Together,":[247],"stages":[250],"provide":[258],"(partially)":[259],"correct":[260,278],"solutions":[261],"992":[263],"out":[264],"1050":[266],"test":[267],"tasks":[268],"(94%),":[269],"majority":[272],"(696)":[275],"representing":[276],"fully":[277],"complete":[280],"answers.":[281],"CONCLUSIONS:":[282],"Our":[283],"experiments":[284],"confirmed":[285],"applicability":[287],"efficacy":[289],"ExaCT.":[291],"Furthermore,":[292],"they":[293],"demonstrated":[294],"combining":[296],"method":[299],"'weak'":[301],"can":[304,316],"identify":[305],"variety":[307],"study":[309,327],"characteristics.":[310],"system":[312],"flexible":[314],"be":[317],"extended":[318],"handle":[320],"document":[324],"types":[325],"protocols).":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
