{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1555481436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","title":"A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for the detection of cirrhosis","display_name":"A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for the detection of cirrhosis","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1555481436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","mag":"1555481436","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11806763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037825408","display_name":"Guy de Bruyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-4474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy de Bruyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. gdebruyn@fhcrc.org","Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. gdebruyn@fhcrc.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064423706","display_name":"Edward A. Graviss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-5813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward A Graviss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, USA","Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, USA","Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05882353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"6","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.7820987701416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-examination","display_name":"Physical examination","score":0.7468212246894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cirrhosis","display_name":"Cirrhosis","score":0.678006649017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.4979054927825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referral","display_name":"Referral","score":0.4685322642326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.43339312076568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","score":0.42321473360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.25311607122421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.24346747994422913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.08861863613128662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7820987701416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527108885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835153","display_name":"Physical examination","level":2,"score":0.7468212246894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.678006649017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4979054927825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.4685322642326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.43339312076568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.42321473360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.25311607122421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.24346747994422913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.08861863613128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005355","descriptor_name":"Fibrosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005355","descriptor_name":"Fibrosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005355","descriptor_name":"Fibrosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005355","descriptor_name":"Fibrosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010808","descriptor_name":"Physical Examination","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010808","descriptor_name":"Physical Examination","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010808","descriptor_name":"Physical Examination","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010808","descriptor_name":"Physical Examination","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11806763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11806763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical informatics and decision making","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8efebbfb92a74e80844a24bc38539747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8efebbfb92a74e80844a24bc38539747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 1, Iss 1, p 6 (2001)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:64783","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/64783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1472-6947-1-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107516304","display_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","issn_l":"1472-6947","issn":["1472-6947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1555481436.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1555481436.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3927098","https://openalex.org/W6173846","https://openalex.org/W191976025","https://openalex.org/W1553389211","https://openalex.org/W1605353467","https://openalex.org/W1892539883","https://openalex.org/W1932743671","https://openalex.org/W1965993811","https://openalex.org/W1971348077","https://openalex.org/W1972576287","https://openalex.org/W1974062938","https://openalex.org/W1988788379","https://openalex.org/W1991769564","https://openalex.org/W1992666158","https://openalex.org/W1995391217","https://openalex.org/W1996559225","https://openalex.org/W1997964332","https://openalex.org/W1998626573","https://openalex.org/W2016134346","https://openalex.org/W2017419353","https://openalex.org/W2017728177","https://openalex.org/W2019823288","https://openalex.org/W2027646872","https://openalex.org/W2032477171","https://openalex.org/W2033440378","https://openalex.org/W2036855431","https://openalex.org/W2053620665","https://openalex.org/W2054109759","https://openalex.org/W2057174715","https://openalex.org/W2057631921","https://openalex.org/W2057930479","https://openalex.org/W2059146824","https://openalex.org/W2059949716","https://openalex.org/W2067382938","https://openalex.org/W2069213735","https://openalex.org/W2075079553","https://openalex.org/W2077184720","https://openalex.org/W2079198020","https://openalex.org/W2082124707","https://openalex.org/W2089545746","https://openalex.org/W2092467722","https://openalex.org/W2093579014","https://openalex.org/W2095337268","https://openalex.org/W2097997050","https://openalex.org/W2098706053","https://openalex.org/W2108361166","https://openalex.org/W2110872896","https://openalex.org/W2113009004","https://openalex.org/W2114776578","https://openalex.org/W2115980766","https://openalex.org/W2117573110","https://openalex.org/W2125105983","https://openalex.org/W2128229140","https://openalex.org/W2131362825","https://openalex.org/W2138419487","https://openalex.org/W2139230772","https://openalex.org/W2145853356","https://openalex.org/W2147570023","https://openalex.org/W2154487736","https://openalex.org/W2157162247","https://openalex.org/W2159023966","https://openalex.org/W2159171613","https://openalex.org/W2210006195","https://openalex.org/W2258829627","https://openalex.org/W2400350783","https://openalex.org/W2412299765","https://openalex.org/W2413366353","https://openalex.org/W2416624389","https://openalex.org/W2418263166","https://openalex.org/W2419231431","https://openalex.org/W2437001853","https://openalex.org/W2465897516","https://openalex.org/W2473234561","https://openalex.org/W2556045453","https://openalex.org/W2626467250","https://openalex.org/W4229893971","https://openalex.org/W4239417407","https://openalex.org/W4247566817","https://openalex.org/W4254205798","https://openalex.org/W4300171094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2590224211","https://openalex.org/W4385649027","https://openalex.org/W1966261153","https://openalex.org/W2371771839","https://openalex.org/W2381582913","https://openalex.org/W2380083969","https://openalex.org/W2619488769","https://openalex.org/W2038521918","https://openalex.org/W2066362959","https://openalex.org/W72732009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"We":[1],"conducted":[2,171],"a":[3,155,194],"review":[4],"of":[5,9,15,26,32,39,49,54,65,71,85,107,111,157,225,231],"the":[6,13,24,30,36,47,229],"diagnostic":[7,37,55],"accuracy":[8,25,38],"clinical":[10,27],"examination":[11,28,42,84],"for":[12,114,126,198,217,228],"diagnosis":[14,230],"cirrhosis.":[16,219],"The":[17],"objectives":[18],"were:":[19],"to":[20,34,45,68,165],"identify":[21],"studies":[22,150,169,188,242],"assessing":[23],"in":[29,130,161,172,184,192,246],"detection":[31],"cirrhosis;":[33],"summarize":[35],"reported":[40,129,183],"physical":[41,83,112,127,180],"findings;":[43],"and":[44,74,117,189,233],"define":[46],"effects":[48,144],"study":[50,101,123,132,203],"characteristics":[51,102],"on":[52,100],"estimates":[53],"accuracy.":[56],"METHODS:":[57],"Studies":[58,78],"were":[59,96,103,120,133,170,182,205],"identified":[60],"through":[61],"electronic":[62],"literature":[63],"search":[64,70],"MEDLINE":[66],"(1966":[67],"2000),":[69],"bibliographic":[72],"references,":[73],"contact":[75],"with":[76,87,116,175,207,235],"authors.":[77],"that":[79],"evaluated":[80],"indicants":[81],"from":[82,122,163],"patients":[86,115],"known":[88],"or":[89,109,142,186],"suspected":[90],"liver":[91,94],"disease":[92],"undergoing":[93],"biopsy":[95],"included.":[97],"Qualitative":[98],"data":[99,204],"extracted.":[104],"Two-by-two":[105],"tables":[106],"presence":[108],"absence":[110],"findings":[113,128,222],"without":[118],"cirrhosis":[119],"created":[121],"data.":[124],"Data":[125],"each":[131],"combined":[134],"using":[135],"Summary":[136],"Receiver":[137],"Operating":[138],"Characteristic":[139],"(SROC)":[140],"curves":[141],"random":[143],"modeling,":[145],"as":[146],"appropriate.":[147],"RESULTS:":[148],"Twelve":[149],"met":[151],"inclusion":[152],"criteria,":[153],"including":[154],"total":[156],"1895":[158],"patients,":[159],"ranging":[160],"age":[162],"3":[164],"90":[166],"years.":[167],"Most":[168,241],"referral":[173],"populations":[174],"elevated":[176],"aminotransferase":[177],"levels.":[178],"Ten":[179],"signs":[181,191,234],"three":[185],"more":[187,202],"ten":[190],"only":[193],"single":[195],"study.":[196],"Signs":[197],"which":[199],"there":[200],"was":[201],"associated":[206],"high":[208],"specificity":[209,237],"(range":[210,215],"75-98%),":[211],"but":[212],"low":[213,226],"sensitivity":[214,227],"15-68%)":[216],"histologically-proven":[218],"CONCLUSIONS:":[220],"Physical":[221],"are":[223],"generally":[224],"cirrhosis,":[232],"higher":[236],"represent":[238],"decompensated":[239],"disease.":[240],"have":[243],"been":[244],"undertaken":[245],"highly":[247],"selected":[248],"populations.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
