{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039833474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","title":"Automated detection of regions of interest for tissue microarray experiments: an image texture analysis","display_name":"Automated detection of regions of interest for tissue microarray experiments: an image texture analysis","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039833474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","mag":"2039833474","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17349041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086470518","display_name":"Bilge Kara\u00e7al\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-6329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilge Kara\u00e7ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2875, USA. bilge@drexel.edu <bilge@drexel.edu>","Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2875, USA. bilge@drexel.edu <bilge@drexel.edu>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055266606","display_name":"Ayd\u0131n T\u00f6zeren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aydin T\u00f6zeren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-2875, USA","Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-2875, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055266606"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":4.8434,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94879327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.5437999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.5437999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.25999999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.04470000043511391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.642465353012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6363535523414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/region-of-interest","display_name":"Region of interest","score":0.5955525040626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5167214274406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.5094981789588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.4983336925506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.46545296907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.45180028676986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"Digital pathology","score":0.43340620398521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4307393431663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3661797046661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.32533425092697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23061725497245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18196159601211548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.642465353012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6363535523414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19609008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138203","display_name":"Region of interest","level":2,"score":0.5955525040626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5167214274406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5094981789588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.4983336925506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.46545296907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.45180028676986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.43340620398521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4307393431663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3661797046661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.32533425092697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23061725497245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18196159601211548}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009363","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046888","descriptor_name":"Tissue Array Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046888","descriptor_name":"Tissue Array Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046888","descriptor_name":"Tissue Array Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046888","descriptor_name":"Tissue Array Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17349041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17349041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ee482e8e4214d0db1a9712e71bbd601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ee482e8e4214d0db1a9712e71bbd601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, Vol 7, Iss 1, p 2 (2007)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1838905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1838905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2342-7-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2039833474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2039833474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140268124","https://openalex.org/W1487407130","https://openalex.org/W1587362683","https://openalex.org/W1731912909","https://openalex.org/W1901186394","https://openalex.org/W1964357740","https://openalex.org/W1967252809","https://openalex.org/W1972359204","https://openalex.org/W1972808685","https://openalex.org/W1982107639","https://openalex.org/W1985920371","https://openalex.org/W1993236041","https://openalex.org/W1999223580","https://openalex.org/W1999614615","https://openalex.org/W2006468304","https://openalex.org/W2029235475","https://openalex.org/W2054922338","https://openalex.org/W2077529643","https://openalex.org/W2078159546","https://openalex.org/W2083064254","https://openalex.org/W2087810003","https://openalex.org/W2098872446","https://openalex.org/W2104075956","https://openalex.org/W2105457070","https://openalex.org/W2109008952","https://openalex.org/W2123737232","https://openalex.org/W2128985829","https://openalex.org/W2131312255","https://openalex.org/W2132763945","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2150430828","https://openalex.org/W2158510149","https://openalex.org/W2159257032","https://openalex.org/W2162703031","https://openalex.org/W2169756563","https://openalex.org/W2406396923","https://openalex.org/W2416853270","https://openalex.org/W2418462879","https://openalex.org/W2529216001","https://openalex.org/W2764372892","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2917969515","https://openalex.org/W4205687621","https://openalex.org/W4206026550","https://openalex.org/W4211170805","https://openalex.org/W4251084954","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360784979","https://openalex.org/W3017192027","https://openalex.org/W2204605857","https://openalex.org/W1996489018","https://openalex.org/W2120981610","https://openalex.org/W2007664797","https://openalex.org/W3129669851","https://openalex.org/W2360759360","https://openalex.org/W2065064759","https://openalex.org/W3196005494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Recent":[1],"research":[2],"with":[3],"tissue":[4,30,52,64,69,308,311],"microarrays":[5,312],"led":[6,195],"to":[7,167,173,183,196,214,280],"a":[8,43,104,154],"rapid":[9],"progress":[10],"toward":[11],"quantifying":[12],"the":[13,55,63,85,123,133,149,207,242,266,299,305],"expressions":[14],"of":[15,18,47,57,60,74,82,87,122,125,198,232,245,253,259,275,294,307,318],"large":[16],"sets":[17],"biomarkers":[19],"in":[20,62,80,90,111,128,153,201,219],"normal":[21,168,184],"and":[22,103,118,136,176,185,191,313],"diseased":[23],"tissue.":[24],"However,":[25],"standard":[26],"procedures":[27],"for":[28,31,54,65,120,234,249,309,314],"sampling":[29],"molecular":[32,66],"profiling":[33,67,317],"have":[34,284],"not":[35],"yet":[36],"been":[37,286],"established.":[38],"METHODS:":[39],"This":[40],"study":[41],"presents":[42],"high":[44,243,315],"throughput":[45,316],"analysis":[46],"texture":[48,73,150],"heterogeneity":[49,106],"on":[50,255],"breast":[51,75,169],"images":[53,302],"purpose":[56],"identifying":[58,250],"regions":[59,101,200,218,231,252],"interest":[61,233,254,295],"via":[68],"microarray":[70],"technology.":[71],"Image":[72],"histology":[76,202,256],"slides":[77,203,223],"was":[78],"described":[79],"terms":[81],"three":[83,146],"parameters:":[84],"percentage":[86,97],"area":[88],"occupied":[89,98],"an":[91,282],"image":[92,112,126,140,164,178,208,222],"block":[93],"by":[94,99,227,289],"chromatin":[95],"(B),":[96],"stroma-like":[100],"(P),":[102],"statistical":[105,156],"index":[107],"H":[108],"commonly":[109],"used":[110,279],"analysis.":[113],"Texture":[114],"parameters":[115,152],"were":[116,142,225],"defined":[117],"computed":[119],"each":[121],"thousands":[124],"blocks":[127,141,165,171,179,209],"our":[129,246],"dataset":[130],"using":[131,148],"both":[132],"gray":[134],"scale":[135,190],"color":[137,192],"segmentation.":[138],"The":[139,292],"then":[143],"classified":[144],"into":[145],"categories":[147,160],"feature":[151],"novel":[155],"learning":[157],"algorithm.":[158],"These":[159,239],"are":[161,181,278],"as":[162,204,211,230,273],"follows:":[163],"specific":[166,172],"tissue,":[170,175],"cancerous":[174],"those":[177,215],"that":[180,224,277],"non-specific":[182],"disease":[186],"states.":[187],"RESULTS:":[188],"Gray":[189],"segmentation":[193],"techniques":[194],"identification":[197,262],"same":[199],"cancer-specific.":[205],"Moreover":[206],"identified":[210],"cancer-specific":[212],"belonged":[213],"cell":[216],"crowded":[217],"whole":[220,300],"section":[221,301],"marked":[226],"two":[228],"pathologists":[229],"further":[235],"histological":[236],"studies.":[237],"CONCLUSION:":[238],"results":[240],"indicate":[241],"efficiency":[244],"automated":[247],"method":[248],"pathologic":[251],"slides.":[257],"Automation":[258],"critical":[260],"region":[261,293],"will":[263,303],"help":[264],"minimize":[265],"inter-rater":[267],"variability":[268],"among":[269],"different":[270,290],"raters":[271],"(pathologists)":[272],"hundreds":[274],"tumors":[276],"develop":[281],"array":[283],"typically":[285],"evaluated":[287],"(graded)":[288],"pathologists.":[291],"information":[296],"gathered":[297],"from":[298],"guide":[304],"excision":[306],"constructing":[310],"global":[319],"gene":[320],"expression.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}