{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036131659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","title":"An alternative method for quantifying coronary artery calcification: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)","display_name":"An alternative method for quantifying coronary artery calcification: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036131659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","mag":"2036131659","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22747658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110907182","display_name":"Chien-Ping Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C Jason Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Biostatistics; University of Washington; Seattle USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics; University of Washington; Seattle USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079665496","display_name":"Matthew J. Budoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-1946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177607063","display_name":"The Lundquist Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025j2nd68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177607063"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165985","display_name":"Harbor\u2013UCLA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05h4zj272","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328359107","https://openalex.org/I4210165985"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801403999","display_name":"UCLA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04vq5kb54","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799798094","https://openalex.org/I2801403999"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J Budoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA","Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801403999","https://openalex.org/I177607063","https://openalex.org/I4210165985"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177607063"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062660717","display_name":"Joel D. Kaufman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-9037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel D Kaufman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035106740","display_name":"Richard A. Kronmal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A Kronmal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Biostatistics; University of Washington; Seattle USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics; University of Washington; Seattle USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091507463","display_name":"Elizabeth R. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4286-2111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326427960","display_name":"Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory / Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdsp051","country_code":"ZA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326427960","https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth R Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Vaccine and Infectious Disease and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA","Vaccine and Infectious Disease and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326427960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110907182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":1.2816,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80343159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12979","display_name":"Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-calcium","display_name":"Coronary artery calcium","score":0.7930427193641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesa","display_name":"Mesa","score":0.7569810748100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6420831680297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-ratio","display_name":"Hazard ratio","score":0.632445752620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proportional-hazards-model","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","score":0.6202236413955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-atherosclerosis","display_name":"Coronary atherosclerosis","score":0.5905832052230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.5380375385284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agatston-score","display_name":"Agatston score","score":0.46591877937316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.4632915258407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-heart-disease","display_name":"Coronary heart disease","score":0.3034416735172272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.29922038316726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","score":0.2956036925315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11375916004180908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5629407","display_name":"Coronary artery calcium","level":3,"score":0.7930427193641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780940541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1042397","display_name":"Mesa","level":2,"score":0.7569810748100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6420831680297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.632445752620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.6202236413955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991716557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12252367","display_name":"Coronary atherosclerosis","level":3,"score":0.5905832052230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5380375385284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5629407","display_name":"Agatston score","level":4,"score":0.46591877937316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4632915258407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018906752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary heart disease","level":2,"score":0.3034416735172272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.29922038316726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.2956036925315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11375916004180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002114","descriptor_name":"Calcinosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002114","descriptor_name":"Calcinosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002114","descriptor_name":"Calcinosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002114","descriptor_name":"Calcinosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002114","descriptor_name":"Calcinosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002114","descriptor_name":"Calcinosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003324","descriptor_name":"Coronary Artery Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017023","descriptor_name":"Coronary Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017023","descriptor_name":"Coronary Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017023","descriptor_name":"Coronary Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22747658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22747658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3dfec95432fc4c7e8310ce9ac080c840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3dfec95432fc4c7e8310ce9ac080c840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, Vol 12, Iss 1, p 14 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6zc7k06f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zc7k06f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging, vol 12, iss 1","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3443418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3443418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6505649","display_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","issn_l":"1471-2342","issn":["1471-2342"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2238490387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01-HC-95169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3339598101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01-HC-95159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4101536646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01-HC-95159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6730884202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RD831697","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7055397874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RD831697","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8756340485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01-HC-95169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","funder_display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036131659.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036131659.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190232511","https://openalex.org/W1252141492","https://openalex.org/W1435108658","https://openalex.org/W1453335796","https://openalex.org/W1969678022","https://openalex.org/W1980769406","https://openalex.org/W1981808022","https://openalex.org/W1996606690","https://openalex.org/W2009555874","https://openalex.org/W2011443240","https://openalex.org/W2024444522","https://openalex.org/W2026018907","https://openalex.org/W2054455620","https://openalex.org/W2081570709","https://openalex.org/W2084799197","https://openalex.org/W2105766576","https://openalex.org/W2106665921","https://openalex.org/W2128372758","https://openalex.org/W2133520907","https://openalex.org/W2137922692","https://openalex.org/W2151599748","https://openalex.org/W2153785016","https://openalex.org/W2154209069","https://openalex.org/W2154988791","https://openalex.org/W2156097706","https://openalex.org/W2165088871","https://openalex.org/W2165884492","https://openalex.org/W2167830562","https://openalex.org/W2170491971","https://openalex.org/W2412291070","https://openalex.org/W2531207691","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W3140194949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2257291847","https://openalex.org/W157499561","https://openalex.org/W2741791963","https://openalex.org/W2018646551","https://openalex.org/W3047482251","https://openalex.org/W2202285033","https://openalex.org/W2794254309","https://openalex.org/W2900670601","https://openalex.org/W4400065876","https://openalex.org/W2036131659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Extent":[1],"of":[2,7,80,96,108,125,174,238,263,270],"atherosclerosis":[3,271],"measured":[4],"by":[5],"amount":[6],"coronary":[8],"artery":[9],"calcium":[10,71],"(CAC)":[11],"in":[12,35,59,76,92,213,242],"computed":[13],"tomography":[14],"(CT)":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"traditionally":[18],"assessed":[19],"using":[20,140],"thresholded":[21,31],"scoring":[22,66],"methods,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,253],"the":[26,44,68,77,93,102,109,123,126,154,214,268],"Agatston":[27],"score":[28,72],"(AS).":[29],"These":[30],"scores":[32,127],"have":[33,48],"value":[34],"clinical":[36],"prediction,":[37],"but":[38],"important":[39,49],"information":[40],"might":[41],"exist":[42],"below":[43],"threshold,":[45,274],"which":[46,275],"would":[47],"advantages":[50],"for":[51,74,106,266,279,287],"understanding":[52],"genetic,":[53],"environmental,":[54],"and":[55,101,115,131,148,156,170,176,183,187,193,200,283],"other":[56],"risk":[57,133,136,189,223,285],"factors":[58,137,190,224,286],"atherosclerosis.":[60,288],"We":[61],"developed":[62],"a":[63,141,259,273],"semi-automated":[64],"threshold-free":[65],"method,":[67],"spatially":[69],"weighted":[70],"(SWCS)":[73],"CAC":[75,264],"Multi-Ethnic":[78,94],"Study":[79,95],"Atherosclerosis":[81,97],"(MESA).":[82,98],"METHODS:":[83],"Chest":[84],"CT":[85],"scans":[86],"were":[87,104,119,138,251],"obtained":[88],"from":[89],"6814":[90],"participants":[91,147,149,206,243],"The":[99,232,256],"SWCS":[100,155,175,215,233,257],"AS":[103,151,157,208,245],"calculated":[105],"each":[107],"scans.":[110],"Cox":[111],"proportional":[112],"hazards":[113],"models":[114,118],"linear":[116,142],"regression":[117],"used":[120],"to":[121,181,185,198,202,230,235],"evaluate":[122],"associations":[124,163],"with":[128,150,164,207,220,244],"CHD":[129,132,135,165,188,222,239],"events":[130,166,240,250],"factors.":[134],"summarized":[139],"predictor.":[143],"RESULTS:":[144],"Among":[145],"all":[146],">":[152],"0,":[153,210,247],"both":[158],"showed":[159],"similar":[160],"strongly":[161],"significant":[162],"(hazard":[167],"ratios,":[168],"1.23":[169],"1.19":[171],"per":[172],"doubling":[173],"AS;":[177],"95%":[178,195,227],"CI,":[179,196,228],"1.16":[180],"1.30":[182],"1.14":[184],"1.26)":[186],"(slopes,":[191],"0.178":[192],"0.164;":[194],"0.162":[197],"0.195":[199],"0.149":[201],"0.179).":[203],"Even":[204],"among":[205],"=":[209,246],"an":[211],"increase":[212],"was":[216],"still":[217],"significantly":[218],"associated":[219],"established":[221],"(slope,":[225],"0.181;":[226],"0.138":[229],"0.224).":[231],"appeared":[234],"be":[236,277],"predictive":[237],"even":[241],"though":[248],"those":[249],"rare":[252],"expected.":[254],"CONCLUSIONS:":[255],"provides":[258],"valid,":[260],"continuous":[261],"measure":[262],"suitable":[265],"quantifying":[267],"extent":[269],"without":[272],"will":[276],"useful":[278],"examining":[280],"novel":[281],"genetic":[282],"environmental":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}