{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093884231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","title":"Visualizing and clustering high throughput sub-cellular localization imaging","display_name":"Visualizing and clustering high throughput sub-cellular localization imaging","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093884231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","mag":"2093884231","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18241353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072586243","display_name":"Nicholas Hamilton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-3427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas A Hamilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. n.hamilton@imb.uq.edu.au","ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. n.hamilton@imb.uq.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056823136","display_name":"Rohan D. Teasdale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7455-5269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohan D Teasdale","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia","Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072586243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.9619,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89212563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"81","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.768430233001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6605111956596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6542808413505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6205499768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6067585945129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5829652547836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5289086103439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.5139841437339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4754595160484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39174768328666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3215615153312683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.768430233001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6605111956596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6542808413505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6205499768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6067585945129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5829652547836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5289086103439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5139841437339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4754595160484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39174768328666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3215615153312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006367","descriptor_name":"HeLa Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006367","descriptor_name":"HeLa Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006367","descriptor_name":"HeLa Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008856","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Fluorescence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008856","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Fluorescence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008856","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Fluorescence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015388","descriptor_name":"Organelles","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015388","descriptor_name":"Organelles","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015388","descriptor_name":"Organelles","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18241353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18241353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1833199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2248560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed51b139373e4097a21229af4cf7c232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed51b139373e4097a21229af4cf7c232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 81 (2008)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:165853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-9-81","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/011kf5r70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093884231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093884231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44224154","https://openalex.org/W1526088313","https://openalex.org/W1562347861","https://openalex.org/W1579543411","https://openalex.org/W1637956382","https://openalex.org/W1885943037","https://openalex.org/W1939529827","https://openalex.org/W1985317603","https://openalex.org/W1993669821","https://openalex.org/W1993846072","https://openalex.org/W1999235772","https://openalex.org/W2000266578","https://openalex.org/W2013131338","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2047834789","https://openalex.org/W2058368262","https://openalex.org/W2059432853","https://openalex.org/W2065755128","https://openalex.org/W2081203139","https://openalex.org/W2090334843","https://openalex.org/W2113769434","https://openalex.org/W2113846729","https://openalex.org/W2123762916","https://openalex.org/W2139042094","https://openalex.org/W2147069236","https://openalex.org/W2147322367","https://openalex.org/W2147809341","https://openalex.org/W2156771765","https://openalex.org/W2168125451","https://openalex.org/W2169805130","https://openalex.org/W2527748992","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2598599718","https://openalex.org/W2740163983","https://openalex.org/W4253234854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W3124914020","https://openalex.org/W2141033859","https://openalex.org/W2077542787","https://openalex.org/W2071701083","https://openalex.org/W2383687187","https://openalex.org/W2156434174","https://openalex.org/W2121496884","https://openalex.org/W2387910809","https://openalex.org/W2294221496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,114,132,149,181,198,287],"expansion":[2],"of":[3,21,27,42,61,96,167,174,188,200,202,212,238,244,274,289,298,329,333],"automatic":[4],"imaging":[5,302,334],"technologies":[6],"has":[7,303],"created":[8],"a":[9,79,186],"need":[10,33],"to":[11,14,34,107,125,215,241,268,276,293],"be":[12,74,108,261,269],"able":[13],"efficiently":[15],"compare":[16],"and":[17,59,66,86,172,218,272,280,296,321],"review":[18],"large":[19,68,88],"sets":[20,70,273],"image":[22,28,69,91,98,134,217,313,323],"data.":[23],"To":[24],"enable":[25],"comparisons":[26],"data":[29,335],"between":[30,57,128],"samples":[31],"we":[32,77],"define":[35],"the":[36,43,62,129,145,161,210,236,245,327,330],"normal":[37],"variation":[38],"within":[39],"distinct":[40,178,242],"images":[41,152,168,176,192,201,278],"same":[44],"sample.":[45],"Even":[46],"with":[47,235,282],"tightly":[48],"controlled":[49],"experimental":[50],"conditions,":[51],"protein":[52],"expression":[53],"can":[54],"vary":[55],"widely":[56],"cells,":[58],"because":[60],"difficulty":[63],"in":[64,110,139,160,283],"viewing":[65],"comparing":[67,87],"this":[71],"might":[72],"not":[73],"observed.":[75],"Here":[76],"introduce":[78],"novel":[80],"methodology,":[81],"iCluster,":[82],"for":[83,164,347],"visualizing,":[84],"clustering":[85,199,257],"sub-cellular":[89,112,196,301],"localization":[90],"sets.":[92],"For":[93],"each":[94,216,231],"member":[95],"an":[97,344],"set,":[99],"iCluster":[100],"generates":[101],"statistics":[102,115,130],"that":[103,153,169],"have":[104],"been":[105,304],"found":[106,267],"useful":[109],"distinguishing":[111],"localization.":[113],"are":[116,154,157,170,307],"mapped":[117],"into":[118,177,258],"two":[119,140,248],"or":[120,141],"three":[121,142,223],"dimensions":[122,143],"such":[123,311],"as":[124,312],"preserve":[126],"distances":[127],"vectors.":[131],"complete":[133],"set":[135,187],"is":[136,151],"then":[137],"visualized":[138,279],"using":[144,337],"coordinates":[146],"so":[147],"determined.":[148],"result":[150],"statistically":[155],"similar":[156,171],"spatially":[158],"close":[159],"visualization":[162],"allowing":[163,326],"easy":[165],"comparison":[166,295],"distinguishment":[173],"dissimilar":[175],"clusters.":[179],"RESULTS:":[180],"methodology":[182],"was":[183,205,228,253,266],"tested":[184],"on":[185],"502":[189],"previously":[190],"published":[191],"containing":[193],"10":[194],"known":[195],"localizations.":[197],"like":[203],"type":[204],"evaluated":[206],"both":[207],"by":[208,219],"examining":[209],"classes":[211,239,259],"nearest":[213],"neighbors":[214],"visual":[220],"inspection.":[221],"In":[222,247],"dimensions,":[224,249],"3-neighbor":[225,250],"classification":[226,251],"accuracy":[227,252],"83.2%.":[229],"Visually,":[230],"class":[232],"clustered":[233],"well":[234],"majority":[237],"localizing":[240],"regions":[243],"space.":[246],"68.9%,":[254],"though":[255],"visually":[256],"could":[260],"readily":[262],"discerned.":[263],"Computational":[264],"expense":[265],"relatively":[270],"low,":[271],"up":[275],"1400":[277],"interacted":[281],"real":[284],"time.":[285],"CONCLUSION:":[286],"feasibility":[288],"automated":[290],"spatial":[291],"layout":[292],"allow":[294],"discrimination":[297],"high":[299],"throughput":[300],"demonstrated.":[305],"There":[306],"many":[308],"potential":[309],"applications":[310],"database":[314],"curation,":[315],"semi-automated":[316],"interactive":[317],"classification,":[318],"outlier":[319],"detection":[320],"reference":[322],"comparison.":[324],"By":[325],"observation":[328],"full":[331],"range":[332],"available":[336],"modern":[338],"microscopes":[339],"these":[340],"methods":[341],"will":[342],"provide":[343],"invaluable":[345],"tool":[346],"cell":[348],"biologists.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}