{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1550295039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","title":"Spectral embedding finds meaningful (relevant) structure in image and microarray data","display_name":"Spectral embedding finds meaningful (relevant) structure in image and microarray data","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1550295039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","mag":"1550295039","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16483359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009504777","display_name":"Brandon W. Higgs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-0245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brandon W Higgs","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA. bhiggs@gmu.edu","School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA. bhiggs@gmu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112229573","display_name":"Jennifer Weller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Weller","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA","School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035037349","display_name":"Jeffrey L. Solka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802287952","display_name":"Naval Surface Warfare Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03d4ecn10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328969757","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802287952","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey L Solka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Surface Warfare Center, Code B10, Dahlgren, VA, 22448-5000, USA","School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA","Naval Surface Warfare Center, Code B10","George Mason University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Surface Warfare Center, Code B10, Dahlgren, VA, 22448-5000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802287952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Surface Warfare Center, Code B10","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802287952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009504777"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":0.9545,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71789639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"74","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.515999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.515999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.040699999779462814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.669644832611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5628936886787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5213750004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5086572766304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4863510727882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4577556848526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.4390524625778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.42432859539985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4187723696231842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4146629571914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3691878318786621}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.669644832611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5628936886787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5213750004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5086572766304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4863510727882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4577556848526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.4390524625778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.42432859539985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4187723696231842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4146629571914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3691878318786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003205","descriptor_name":"Computing Methodologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003205","descriptor_name":"Computing Methodologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003205","descriptor_name":"Computing Methodologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005347","descriptor_name":"Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005347","descriptor_name":"Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005347","descriptor_name":"Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016415","descriptor_name":"Sequence Alignment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016415","descriptor_name":"Sequence Alignment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016415","descriptor_name":"Sequence Alignment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16483359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16483359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:308514d0923a4ac484172b7233b8862e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/308514d0923a4ac484172b7233b8862e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 7, Iss 1, p 74 (2006)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1395341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1395341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-7-74","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1550295039.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1550295039.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578099820","https://openalex.org/W1590368632","https://openalex.org/W1640070940","https://openalex.org/W1966347620","https://openalex.org/W1966949944","https://openalex.org/W1973192023","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2006554089","https://openalex.org/W2047863749","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2064622664","https://openalex.org/W2079746361","https://openalex.org/W2081389687","https://openalex.org/W2092501581","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2103453943","https://openalex.org/W2103759526","https://openalex.org/W2105732805","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2123320529","https://openalex.org/W2142460132","https://openalex.org/W2150926065","https://openalex.org/W2151417892","https://openalex.org/W2152761983","https://openalex.org/W2160167256","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2261963636","https://openalex.org/W2479500547","https://openalex.org/W2572321817","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2773462233","https://openalex.org/W4247924304","https://openalex.org/W6811836054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347335694","https://openalex.org/W2375574759","https://openalex.org/W2383239174","https://openalex.org/W4250857377","https://openalex.org/W3088634662","https://openalex.org/W117517268","https://openalex.org/W4234877896","https://openalex.org/W3198676230","https://openalex.org/W3142002785","https://openalex.org/W2531264786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Accurate":[1],"methods":[2,147,220,224,249],"for":[3,67,182,186,253,272,329],"extraction":[4],"of":[5,20,27,78,108,121,145,153,161,166,201,226,250,295,311,331],"meaningful":[6,241,313],"patterns":[7],"in":[8,43,54,101,197,207,211,283,316,341],"high":[9],"dimensional":[10,94,318],"data":[11,21,80,111,119,189,205,266],"have":[12],"become":[13],"increasingly":[14],"important":[15,106,245],"with":[16],"the":[17,49,69,72,109,118,126,138,143,151,159,163,174,180,248,273,284,293,302,308],"recent":[18],"generation":[19],"types":[22],"containing":[23],"measurements":[24],"across":[25,335],"thousands":[26],"variables.":[28],"Principal":[29],"components":[30],"analysis":[31],"(PCA)":[32],"is":[33,41,195,228,236,258,261,281],"a":[34,57,92,168,262,326,338],"linear":[35,59,97,219],"dimensionality":[36],"reduction":[37],"(DR)":[38],"method":[39,165,171,304],"that":[40,44,178,193],"unsupervised":[42],"it":[45,194],"relies":[46],"only":[47],"on":[48,137,173],"data;":[50],"projections":[51],"are":[52,88,135],"calculated":[53],"Euclidean":[55],"or":[56,86,268],"similar":[58],"space":[60,95,319],"and":[61,206,221,260,320,333],"do":[62],"not":[63],"use":[64],"tuning":[65],"parameters":[66],"optimizing":[68],"fit":[70],"to":[71,104,117,216,238,287],"data.":[73],"However,":[74],"relationships":[75,315],"within":[76],"sets":[77],"nonlinear":[79,169,223,314],"types,":[81],"such":[82,146,183],"as":[83,214],"biological":[84,188],"networks":[85],"images,":[87],"frequently":[89],"mis-rendered":[90],"into":[91],"low":[93],"by":[96,243],"methods.":[98],"Nonlinear":[99],"methods,":[100],"contrast,":[102],"attempt":[103],"model":[105],"aspects":[107],"underlying":[110],"structure,":[112],"often":[113],"requiring":[114,321],"parameter(s)":[115],"fitting":[116,257],"type":[120,152,267],"interest.":[122],"In":[123],"many":[124],"cases,":[125],"optimal":[127],"parameter":[128,184,256,279,323],"values":[129],"vary":[130],"when":[131],"different":[132],"classification":[133,290,334],"algorithms":[134],"applied":[136],"same":[139],"rendered":[140],"subspace,":[141],"making":[142],"results":[144,160],"highly":[148],"dependent":[149],"upon":[150],"classifier":[154],"implemented.":[155],"RESULTS:":[156],"We":[157,191],"present":[158],"applying":[162],"spectral":[164,231,234,303],"Lafon,":[167],"DR":[170,251,285],"based":[172],"weighted":[175],"graph":[176],"Laplacian,":[177],"minimizes":[179],"requirements":[181],"optimization":[185,280],"two":[187,217,274],"types.":[190],"demonstrate":[192],"successful":[196],"determining":[198],"implicit":[199],"ordering":[200],"brain":[202],"slice":[203],"image":[204],"classifying":[208],"separate":[209],"species":[210],"microarray":[212],"data,":[213],"compared":[215],"conventional":[218],"three":[222],"(one":[225],"which":[227],"an":[229],"alternative":[230],"method).":[232],"This":[233],"implementation":[235],"shown":[237],"provide":[239],"more":[240],"information,":[242],"preserving":[244,312],"relationships,":[246],"than":[247,265],"presented":[252,305],"comparison.":[254],"Tuning":[255,278],"simple":[259],"general,":[263],"rather":[264],"experiment":[269],"specific":[270],"approach,":[271],"datasets":[275],"analyzed":[276],"here.":[277],"minimized":[282],"step":[286],"each":[288],"subsequent":[289],"method,":[291],"enabling":[292],"possibility":[294],"valid":[296],"cross-experiment":[297],"comparisons.":[298],"CONCLUSION:":[299],"Results":[300],"from":[301],"here":[306],"exhibit":[307],"desirable":[309],"properties":[310],"lower":[317],"minimal":[322],"fitting,":[324],"providing":[325],"useful":[327],"algorithm":[328],"purposes":[330],"visualization":[332],"diverse":[336],"datasets,":[337],"common":[339],"challenge":[340],"systems":[342],"biology.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
