{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1777045541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","title":"FRAGS: estimation of coding sequence substitution rates from fragmentary data","display_name":"FRAGS: estimation of coding sequence substitution rates from fragmentary data","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1777045541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","mag":"1777045541","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15005802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026392143","display_name":"Estienne C. Swart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1362-1602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estienne C Swart","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. estienne@sanbi.ac.za","South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape Bellville, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. estienne@sanbi.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape Bellville, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Winston A Hide","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winston A Hide","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa","South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape Bellville, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape Bellville, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004762593","display_name":"Cathal Seoighe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0496-4029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","display_name":"University of the Western Cape","ror":"https://ror.org/00h2vm590","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cathal Seoighe","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa","South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape Bellville, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape Bellville, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004762593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":0.1206,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46782415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"8","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.6848000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.6848000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.0934000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.07970000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensembl","display_name":"Ensembl","score":0.7383198738098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","score":0.7195916771888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4624481499195099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.4616471827030182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4579135775566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4555853307247162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.40925124287605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome","display_name":"Genome","score":0.38974976539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomics","display_name":"Genomics","score":0.3678928017616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3437693119049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.2898661494255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.23841407895088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2119961678981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14516514539718628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141674004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344256","display_name":"Ensembl","level":5,"score":0.7383198738098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.7195916771888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4624481499195099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4616471827030182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4579135775566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4555853307247162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40925124287605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.38974976539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.3678928017616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3437693119049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2898661494255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.23841407895088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2119961678981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14516514539718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002679","descriptor_name":"Pan troglodytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002679","descriptor_name":"Pan troglodytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002679","descriptor_name":"Pan troglodytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016296","descriptor_name":"Mutagenesis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016296","descriptor_name":"Mutagenesis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016296","descriptor_name":"Mutagenesis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15005802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15005802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e2882497d50b466aa837eac24fd42333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e2882497d50b466aa837eac24fd42333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 8 (2004)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:102269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC344743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:344743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/344743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uwc.ac.za:10566/8946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10566/8946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400180","display_name":"UWC Research Repository (University of the Western Cape)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I869660684","host_organization_name":"University of the Western Cape","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869660684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-5-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1777045541.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1777045541.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1881807356","https://openalex.org/W1898801155","https://openalex.org/W1920973730","https://openalex.org/W1963502101","https://openalex.org/W1966786019","https://openalex.org/W1987510089","https://openalex.org/W2018401099","https://openalex.org/W2019591778","https://openalex.org/W2026960083","https://openalex.org/W2030762309","https://openalex.org/W2032344982","https://openalex.org/W2043165168","https://openalex.org/W2044720815","https://openalex.org/W2055043387","https://openalex.org/W2065120930","https://openalex.org/W2065172786","https://openalex.org/W2069567682","https://openalex.org/W2078146553","https://openalex.org/W2095685450","https://openalex.org/W2098785512","https://openalex.org/W2103074382","https://openalex.org/W2104306559","https://openalex.org/W2105484013","https://openalex.org/W2112118427","https://openalex.org/W2112662238","https://openalex.org/W2115011276","https://openalex.org/W2119632499","https://openalex.org/W2119923823","https://openalex.org/W2121016876","https://openalex.org/W2122310307","https://openalex.org/W2130261764","https://openalex.org/W2131581981","https://openalex.org/W2136968713","https://openalex.org/W2138578706","https://openalex.org/W2144368480","https://openalex.org/W2151464048","https://openalex.org/W2152331922","https://openalex.org/W2152812151","https://openalex.org/W2154406573","https://openalex.org/W3192171625","https://openalex.org/W4237473324","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156564520","https://openalex.org/W4307843054","https://openalex.org/W2104570606","https://openalex.org/W4210430020","https://openalex.org/W4248160505","https://openalex.org/W4393697786","https://openalex.org/W4393720305","https://openalex.org/W4394027046","https://openalex.org/W2112118427","https://openalex.org/W4205247356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Rates":[1],"of":[2,16,23,38,40,45,62,71,92,170,187,207,216,233],"substitution":[3,55,93,141,149,172,176,208,252,265],"in":[4,107,190],"protein-coding":[5],"sequences":[6,212],"can":[7,88,163,220],"provide":[8,89],"important":[9,171],"insights":[10],"into":[11,117],"evolutionary":[12],"processes":[13],"that":[14,65,96,105,127,160,193,203],"are":[15,79,115],"biomedical":[17],"and":[18,51,99,104,138,153,236,261,264],"theoretical":[19],"interest.":[20],"Increased":[21],"availability":[22],"coding":[24,35,68,140],"sequence":[25,36,69,77,86,145,148],"data":[26,47,78,87,113,228],"has":[27],"enabled":[28],"researchers":[29],"to":[30,53,58,134,166,181,259],"estimate":[31,54,139],"more":[32],"accurately":[33],"the":[34,43,67,108,185,191,234,237,245,257],"divergence":[37,70],"pairs":[39],"organisms.":[41,217],"However":[42],"use":[44],"different":[46,112,168],"sources,":[48],"alignment":[49,263],"protocols":[50],"methods":[52],"rates":[56,94,142,177,209],"leads":[57],"widely":[59],"varying":[60],"estimates":[61,91,109,150,169],"key":[63],"parameters":[64],"define":[66],"orthologous":[72,211],"genes.":[73],"Although":[74],"complete":[75],"genome":[76,243],"not":[80],"available":[81,131,230],"for":[82,151,210],"all":[83],"organisms,":[84],"fragmentary":[85,144,224],"accurate":[90],"provided":[95],"an":[97,124],"appropriate":[98],"consistent":[100],"methodology":[101],"is":[102,229,239],"used":[103,180,222],"differences":[106,162],"obtainable":[110],"from":[111,143,213,231],"sources":[114],"taken":[116],"account.":[118],"RESULTS:":[119],"We":[120,198],"have":[121,195,199],"developed":[122,200],"FRAGS,":[123,158],"application":[125],"framework":[126],"uses":[128],"existing,":[129],"freely":[130],"software":[132],"components":[133],"construct":[135],"in-frame":[136],"alignments":[137],"data.":[146,266],"Coding":[147],"human":[152],"chimpanzee":[154],"sequences,":[155],"generated":[156],"by":[157],"reveal":[159],"methodological":[161],"give":[164],"rise":[165],"significantly":[167],"parameters.":[173],"The":[174],"estimated":[175],"were":[178],"also":[179],"infer":[182],"upper-bounds":[183],"on":[184],"amount":[186],"sequencing":[188],"error":[189],"datasets":[192],"we":[194],"analysed.":[196],"CONCLUSION:":[197],"a":[201,214,240],"system":[202,219,255],"performs":[204],"robust":[205],"estimation":[206],"pair":[215],"Our":[218],"be":[221],"when":[223],"genomic":[225],"or":[226],"transcript":[227],"one":[232],"organisms":[235],"other":[238],"completely":[241],"sequenced":[242],"within":[244],"Ensembl":[246],"database.":[247],"As":[248],"well":[249],"as":[250],"estimating":[251],"statistics":[253],"our":[254],"enables":[256],"user":[258],"manage":[260],"query":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
