{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982059951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-s9-s12","title":"Developing a manually annotated clinical document corpus to identify phenotypic information for inflammatory bowel disease","display_name":"Developing a manually annotated clinical document corpus to identify phenotypic information for inflammatory bowel disease","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982059951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-s9-s12","mag":"1982059951","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19761566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-10-s9-s12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-s9-s12","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-10-S9-S12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-10-S9-S12","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008552631","display_name":"Brett R. South","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089864","display_name":"VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/007fyq698","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210089864","https://openalex.org/I4210113540"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brett R South","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, USA. brett.south@hsc.utah.edu","VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, USA. brett.south@hsc.utah.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113710224","display_name":"Shuying Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0817-0719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089864","display_name":"VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/007fyq698","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210089864","https://openalex.org/I4210113540"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuying Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043213270","display_name":"Makoto Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-6739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007080037","display_name":"Jennifer H. Garvin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-7211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089864","display_name":"VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/007fyq698","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210089864","https://openalex.org/I4210113540"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Garvin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078072232","display_name":"Matthew H. Samore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4862-9196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089864","display_name":"VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/007fyq698","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210089864","https://openalex.org/I4210113540"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew H Samore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065170642","display_name":"Wendy W. Chapman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy W Chapman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005755665","display_name":"Adi V. Gundlapalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7423-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089864","display_name":"VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/007fyq698","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210089864","https://openalex.org/I4210113540"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adi V Gundlapalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008552631"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089864"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":0.9407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73155431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"S9","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7971631288528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7462787628173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6035528779029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5399629473686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.5204330086708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.48325616121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-vocabulary","display_name":"Controlled vocabulary","score":0.46416404843330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.46019840240478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45307019352912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-medical-language-system","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","score":0.44498729705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39861220121383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.16786479949951172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7971631288528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7462787628173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6035528779029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5399629473686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.5204330086708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.48325616121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110615152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469824","display_name":"Controlled vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.46416404843330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.46019840240478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45307019352912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.44498729705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39861220121383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.16786479949951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015212","descriptor_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015212","descriptor_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015212","descriptor_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-10-s9-s12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-s9-s12","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-10-S9-S12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19761566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19761566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmid:21347157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21347157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Summit on translational bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/247346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/247346","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/247346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2nd Summit on Translational Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:de91acbcde9f45c981de3f75802e9e7a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/de91acbcde9f45c981de3f75802e9e7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 10, Iss Suppl 9, p S12 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2745683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2745683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3041557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3041557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Summit on Translat Bioinforma","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-10-s9-s12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-s9-s12","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-10-S9-S12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1982059951.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1982059951.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136426565","https://openalex.org/W158623955","https://openalex.org/W174904603","https://openalex.org/W182767159","https://openalex.org/W1490878976","https://openalex.org/W1540886279","https://openalex.org/W1541588700","https://openalex.org/W1572169748","https://openalex.org/W1804396726","https://openalex.org/W1964878535","https://openalex.org/W2040447587","https://openalex.org/W2074734816","https://openalex.org/W2078116468","https://openalex.org/W2100148190","https://openalex.org/W2113164419","https://openalex.org/W2114388055","https://openalex.org/W2117966604","https://openalex.org/W2139477914","https://openalex.org/W2146605038","https://openalex.org/W2151973174","https://openalex.org/W2791793628","https://openalex.org/W6606580971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2509297716","https://openalex.org/W1508778694","https://openalex.org/W138082899","https://openalex.org/W2114373757","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2036729745","https://openalex.org/W2010487328","https://openalex.org/W2340589664","https://openalex.org/W2264448939","https://openalex.org/W2052511096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Challenges":[0],"include":[1,23],"defining":[2],"and":[3,12,36],"building":[4],"appropriate":[5,15],"annotation":[6],"schemas,":[7],"adequately":[8],"training":[9],"clinician":[10],"annotators,":[11],"determining":[13],"the":[14,25],"level":[16],"of":[17,27,53],"information":[18,28,49],"to":[19,30,47],"be":[20,45],"annotated.":[21],"Opportunities":[22],"narrowing":[24],"focus":[26],"extraction":[29],"use":[31],"case":[32],"specific":[33],"note":[34,56],"types":[35],"sections,":[37],"especially":[38],"in":[39],"cases":[40],"where":[41],"NLP":[42],"systems":[43],"will":[44],"used":[46],"extract":[48],"from":[50],"large":[51],"repositories":[52],"electronic":[54],"clinical":[55],"documents.":[57]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}