{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111607030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","title":"NLStradamus: a simple Hidden Markov Model for nuclear localization signal prediction","display_name":"NLStradamus: a simple Hidden Markov Model for nuclear localization signal prediction","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111607030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","mag":"2111607030","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19563654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048514799","display_name":"Alex N. Nguyen Ba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1357-6386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex N Nguyen Ba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. alex.nguyenba@utoronto.ca","Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. alex.nguyenba@utoronto.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058123475","display_name":"Anastassia K. Pogoutse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-1884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastassia Pogoutse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085683971","display_name":"Nicholas J. Provart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-7232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Provart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada","Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086545231","display_name":"Alan M Moses","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3118-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan M Moses","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada","Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048514799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"apc_paid":{"value":1690,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2072},"fwci":4.9873,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":709,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96137476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"202","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-localization-sequence","display_name":"Nuclear localization sequence","score":0.8290659189224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nls","display_name":"NLS","score":0.7589272260665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6693603992462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-transport","display_name":"Nuclear transport","score":0.6486978530883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5287831425666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.5125412940979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.503823459148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4969673454761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.479192852973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.43180131912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41380029916763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3665791153907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.28976213932037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.17851239442825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-nucleus","display_name":"Cell nucleus","score":0.1486377716064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.14362218976020813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49805395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910966","display_name":"Nuclear localization sequence","level":3,"score":0.8290659189224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186435350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050365","display_name":"NLS","level":4,"score":0.7589272260665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6693603992462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59157529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994741","display_name":"Nuclear transport","level":4,"score":0.6486978530883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5287831425666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5125412940979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.503823459148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4969673454761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.479192852973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.43180131912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41380029916763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3665791153907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28976213932037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.17851239442825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780114586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40260","display_name":"Cell nucleus","level":3,"score":0.1486377716064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.14362218976020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019913","descriptor_name":"Nuclear Localization Signals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019913","descriptor_name":"Nuclear Localization Signals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019913","descriptor_name":"Nuclear Localization Signals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021581","descriptor_name":"Active Transport, Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021581","descriptor_name":"Active Transport, Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021581","descriptor_name":"Active Transport, Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19563654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19563654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/83079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/83079","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/3daa8260-bad5-4398-af43-8621827f4b78/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055458","display_name":"TSpace","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39edc4f673b04fd2bfde2c414f748fa4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39edc4f673b04fd2bfde2c414f748fa4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 202 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:localhost:1807/83079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2711084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2711084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-10-202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2111607030.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2111607030.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480534106","https://openalex.org/W1488837022","https://openalex.org/W1951130496","https://openalex.org/W1966833356","https://openalex.org/W1976556214","https://openalex.org/W1989700964","https://openalex.org/W1990262836","https://openalex.org/W2006211612","https://openalex.org/W2009570821","https://openalex.org/W2015965178","https://openalex.org/W2037703099","https://openalex.org/W2049132410","https://openalex.org/W2061301880","https://openalex.org/W2084257326","https://openalex.org/W2086699924","https://openalex.org/W2109553965","https://openalex.org/W2137601093","https://openalex.org/W2141408320","https://openalex.org/W2144781426","https://openalex.org/W2151273144","https://openalex.org/W2151831732","https://openalex.org/W2155287673","https://openalex.org/W2156891333","https://openalex.org/W2156961771","https://openalex.org/W2165635695","https://openalex.org/W4211020343","https://openalex.org/W4231056502","https://openalex.org/W4245668478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320913516","https://openalex.org/W3175810710","https://openalex.org/W2353903672","https://openalex.org/W2161550029","https://openalex.org/W2093119592","https://openalex.org/W2005282433","https://openalex.org/W4388586333","https://openalex.org/W2014853076","https://openalex.org/W2329798716","https://openalex.org/W3092605596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"implementation":[1],"of":[2],"this":[3],"model,":[4],"NLStradamus,":[5],"is":[6],"made":[7],"available":[8],"at:":[9],"(http://www.moseslab.csb.utoronto.ca/NLStradamus/).":[10]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":121},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
