{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412735634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10943420251362635","title":"Understanding power and energy utilization in large scale production physics simulation codes","display_name":"Understanding power and energy utilization in large scale production physics simulation codes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412735634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10943420251362635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/10943420251362635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10943420251362635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"1094-3420","issn":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023781105","display_name":"Adam Bertsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Bertsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078272122","display_name":"Michael Collette","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R Collette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110448209","display_name":"Shawn Dawson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shawn A Dawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005397441","display_name":"Si Hammond","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198811213","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si D Hammond","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Nuclear Security Administration","US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Nuclear Security Administration","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198811213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198811213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030371924","display_name":"Ian Karlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Karlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA","NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087623816","display_name":"Michael Scott McKinley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Scott McKinley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052855971","display_name":"Kevin Pedretti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1261-0178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Pedretti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratory","Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081558023","display_name":"Robert N. Rieben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-0649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert N Rieben","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020720281","display_name":"Brian Ryujin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian S Ryujin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058123544","display_name":"Arturo Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8001-5517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arturo Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055889375","display_name":"Kenneth Weiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-8022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058123544"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23845382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":"770","last_page":"783"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5778771638870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.5698989033699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.45250213146209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.44542211294174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4160216450691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3762557804584503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3595736622810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.32134851813316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19655254483222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13622549176216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.0736757218837738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.06711935997009277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5778771638870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5698989033699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.45250213146209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.44542211294174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4160216450691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3762557804584503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3595736622810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.32134851813316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19655254483222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13622549176216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0736757218837738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.06711935997009277}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/10943420251362635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10943420251362635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60606485","display_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","issn_l":"1094-3420","issn":["1094-3420","1741-2846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016423519","https://openalex.org/W2071004993","https://openalex.org/W2111490460","https://openalex.org/W2334331871","https://openalex.org/W2532916439","https://openalex.org/W2991211299","https://openalex.org/W2996807164","https://openalex.org/W3040786754","https://openalex.org/W3042964270","https://openalex.org/W3108083020","https://openalex.org/W3122216673","https://openalex.org/W3137838287","https://openalex.org/W3153313214","https://openalex.org/W3157788795","https://openalex.org/W4281561225","https://openalex.org/W4295122472","https://openalex.org/W4390840409","https://openalex.org/W4393522449","https://openalex.org/W6884637752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311780513","https://openalex.org/W4404554151","https://openalex.org/W3011091342","https://openalex.org/W4238368916","https://openalex.org/W4214952091","https://openalex.org/W2006864913","https://openalex.org/W2496438781","https://openalex.org/W77590268","https://openalex.org/W4248092634","https://openalex.org/W2394416426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0],"is":[1,18,77],"an":[2],"often-cited":[3],"reason":[4],"for":[5],"the":[6,12,60],"move":[7],"to":[8,14,20,24,28,58,70,106],"advanced":[9,90],"architectures":[10],"on":[11],"path":[13],"Exascale":[15],"computing.":[16],"This":[17],"due":[19,69],"practical":[21],"considerations":[22],"related":[23],"delivering":[25],"enough":[26],"power":[27,49,64,82,108],"successfully":[29],"site":[30],"and":[31,73,89,96,109],"operate":[32],"these":[33],"machines,":[34],"as":[35,37,66],"well":[36],"concerns":[38],"about":[39],"energy":[40,110],"usage":[41,83,111],"while":[42,84],"running":[43,85,113],"large":[44,120],"simulations.":[45,86],"Since":[46],"obtaining":[47],"accurate":[48],"measurements":[50],"can":[51],"be":[52,56],"challenging,":[53],"it":[54],"may":[55],"tempting":[57],"use":[59],"processor":[61,133],"thermal":[62],"design":[63],"(TDP)":[65],"a":[67,102,131],"surrogate":[68],"its":[71],"simplicity":[72],"availability.":[74],"However,":[75],"TDP":[76,134],"not":[78],"indicative":[79],"of":[80,104],"typical":[81],"Using":[87],"commodity":[88],"technology":[91],"systems":[92],"at":[93],"Lawrence":[94,122],"Livermore":[95,123],"Sandia":[97],"National":[98],"Labs,":[99],"we":[100],"performed":[101],"series":[103],"experiments":[105,117],"measure":[107],"in":[112],"simulation":[114,124],"codes.":[115],"These":[116],"indicate":[118],"that":[119],"scale":[121],"codes":[125],"are":[126],"significantly":[127],"more":[128],"efficient":[129],"than":[130],"simple":[132],"model":[135],"might":[136],"suggest.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-18T23:42:31.664661","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
