{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037399747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364914532149","title":"Bitblox: Printable digital materials for electromechanical machines","display_name":"Bitblox: Printable digital materials for electromechanical machines","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037399747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364914532149","mag":"2037399747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0278364914532149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364914532149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73484101","display_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","issn_l":"0278-3649","issn":["0278-3649","1741-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012324349","display_name":"Robert MacCurdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1726-151X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert MacCurdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063052867","display_name":"Anthony McNicoll","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony McNicoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025894735","display_name":"Hod Lipson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-4618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hod Lipson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82549243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"10","first_page":"1342","last_page":"1360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7884661555290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.581974446773529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5416886806488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4734589457511902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4659619629383087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.4537350535392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3880639672279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.3434799909591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27271631360054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20516148209571838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7884661555290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.581974446773529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5416886806488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4734589457511902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4659619629383087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.4537350535392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3880639672279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.3434799909591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27271631360054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20516148209571838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0278364914532149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364914532149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73484101","display_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","issn_l":"0278-3649","issn":["0278-3649","1741-3176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603961186","https://openalex.org/W1530258853","https://openalex.org/W1542395052","https://openalex.org/W1568906816","https://openalex.org/W1609223620","https://openalex.org/W1964928696","https://openalex.org/W1972054564","https://openalex.org/W1975165972","https://openalex.org/W1978541383","https://openalex.org/W1979169277","https://openalex.org/W1980508363","https://openalex.org/W1983449914","https://openalex.org/W1990795335","https://openalex.org/W1992999049","https://openalex.org/W1997007369","https://openalex.org/W2002216615","https://openalex.org/W2003079582","https://openalex.org/W2007079513","https://openalex.org/W2013549602","https://openalex.org/W2017320085","https://openalex.org/W2018313681","https://openalex.org/W2024068197","https://openalex.org/W2029753155","https://openalex.org/W2030227107","https://openalex.org/W2032370603","https://openalex.org/W2041146323","https://openalex.org/W2062010943","https://openalex.org/W2071188031","https://openalex.org/W2071417411","https://openalex.org/W2076406561","https://openalex.org/W2088298833","https://openalex.org/W2093194605","https://openalex.org/W2095308127","https://openalex.org/W2100012444","https://openalex.org/W2102699655","https://openalex.org/W2105011467","https://openalex.org/W2109534775","https://openalex.org/W2113076624","https://openalex.org/W2120652436","https://openalex.org/W2120974428","https://openalex.org/W2122090762","https://openalex.org/W2127997404","https://openalex.org/W2131560012","https://openalex.org/W2139497148","https://openalex.org/W2155845518","https://openalex.org/W2158346543","https://openalex.org/W2164773179","https://openalex.org/W2167382904","https://openalex.org/W2180584884","https://openalex.org/W2567036002","https://openalex.org/W3011616373","https://openalex.org/W4206262605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W4280652955","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W4300101996","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W4253593777","https://openalex.org/W2378076731","https://openalex.org/W2951497643","https://openalex.org/W2954638906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"additive":[1],"manufacturing":[2],"of":[3,60,71,79],"mechanical":[4,67],"parts":[5,18],"gains":[6],"broad":[7],"acceptance,":[8],"efforts":[9],"to":[10,83],"embed":[11,43],"electronic":[12],"or":[13],"electromechanical":[14,45],"components":[15],"in":[16,25,90],"these":[17],"are":[19,37,52],"intensifying.":[20],"We":[21,74],"discuss":[22],"recent":[23],"work":[24],"printable":[26],"electronics":[27],"and":[28,47,58,68,86],"introduce":[29],"an":[30,63],"alternative,":[31],"which":[32],"we":[33],"call":[34],"Bitblox.":[35],"Bitblox":[36,61],"small,":[38],"modular,":[39],"interconnecting":[40],"blocks":[41,51],"that":[42],"simple":[44],"connectivity":[46],"functionality.":[48],"Not":[49],"all":[50],"identical;":[53],"instead":[54],"the":[55,66,72,76],"unique":[56],"combinations":[57],"positions":[59],"within":[62],"assembly":[64],"determine":[65],"electrical":[69],"properties":[70],"assembly.":[73],"describe":[75],"design":[77],"details":[78],"Bitblox,":[80],"compare":[81],"them":[82],"similar":[84],"materials,":[85],"demonstrate":[87],"their":[88],"use":[89],"a":[91],"working":[92],"three-dimensional":[93],"printer":[94],"through":[95],"several":[96],"examples.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}