{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004210413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812442086","title":"Sensitivity of Physiological Measures for Detecting Systematic Variations in Cognitive Demand From a Working Memory Task","display_name":"Sensitivity of Physiological Measures for Detecting Systematic Variations in Cognitive Demand From a Working Memory Task","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004210413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812442086","mag":"2004210413","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22768642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720812442086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812442086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054532975","display_name":"Bruce Mehler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5929-4179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Mehler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","AgeLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E40-278, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AgeLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E40-278, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033143153","display_name":"Bryan Reimer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-8738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Reimer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007175977","display_name":"Joseph F. Coughlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-2218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph F. Coughlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.9565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":282,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99727271,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"3","first_page":"396","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.7937999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.7937999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.1216999962925911,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12315","display_name":"Older Adults Driving Studies","score":0.04089999943971634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7906201481819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.6840395927429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6351108551025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"Working memory","score":0.5898059010505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5488682985305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.498516321182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.48030441999435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.43016815185546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-factors-and-ergonomics","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","score":0.4293833374977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effects-of-sleep-deprivation-on-cognitive-performance","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","score":0.42668619751930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4176335036754608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.410375714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.3384656310081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.3298182487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2500614523887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15948310494422913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12917405366897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12732845544815063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7906201481819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6840395927429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6351108551025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.5898059010505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5488682985305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.498516321182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.48030441999435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.43016815185546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.4293833374977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.42668619751930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4176335036754608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.410375714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3384656310081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.3298182487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2500614523887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15948310494422913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12917405366897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12732845544815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012881","descriptor_name":"Skin Temperature","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012881","descriptor_name":"Skin Temperature","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012881","descriptor_name":"Skin Temperature","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0018720812442086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812442086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22768642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22768642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307103","display_name":"Ford Motor Company","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11847506","https://openalex.org/W13098582","https://openalex.org/W14617120","https://openalex.org/W37340406","https://openalex.org/W92345245","https://openalex.org/W110741397","https://openalex.org/W128963934","https://openalex.org/W266012612","https://openalex.org/W292671876","https://openalex.org/W313164322","https://openalex.org/W365690002","https://openalex.org/W641669729","https://openalex.org/W1526911523","https://openalex.org/W1545407019","https://openalex.org/W1557496348","https://openalex.org/W1558477370","https://openalex.org/W1599049135","https://openalex.org/W1602360832","https://openalex.org/W1696611903","https://openalex.org/W1964379635","https://openalex.org/W1978980572","https://openalex.org/W1983222358","https://openalex.org/W1986152493","https://openalex.org/W1989748291","https://openalex.org/W1991301656","https://openalex.org/W2025661645","https://openalex.org/W2026291954","https://openalex.org/W2041775463","https://openalex.org/W2043143027","https://openalex.org/W2052482212","https://openalex.org/W2059174221","https://openalex.org/W2059303722","https://openalex.org/W2059362318","https://openalex.org/W2070017268","https://openalex.org/W2073084524","https://openalex.org/W2087197599","https://openalex.org/W2093001406","https://openalex.org/W2097767394","https://openalex.org/W2107263666","https://openalex.org/W2109389435","https://openalex.org/W2109578105","https://openalex.org/W2112598493","https://openalex.org/W2143679330","https://openalex.org/W2149504281","https://openalex.org/W2151227774","https://openalex.org/W2153578594","https://openalex.org/W2162594179","https://openalex.org/W2165641398","https://openalex.org/W2169024551","https://openalex.org/W2236148803","https://openalex.org/W2489273684","https://openalex.org/W2970400107","https://openalex.org/W2971743483","https://openalex.org/W3015544325","https://openalex.org/W3152079116","https://openalex.org/W4249859192","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300535372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2990194547","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W1480123525","https://openalex.org/W2620865396","https://openalex.org/W2414054180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2,224],"the":[3,32,113,120,146,164,205,214],"sensitivity":[4,33],"of":[5,13,34,49,70,122,157,159,188,204],"two":[6,174],"physiological":[7,35,176],"measures":[8,36,103,177,219],"for":[9,37,130,202],"discriminating":[10],"between":[11],"levels":[12,69,187],"cognitive":[14,98,161,193],"demand":[15,127,162],"under":[16,181],"driving":[17,25,101],"conditions":[18,183],"across":[19,58,135],"different":[20],"age":[21,60,117,137],"groups.":[22,138],"BACKGROUND:":[23],"Previous":[24],"research":[26],"presents":[27],"a":[28,89],"mixed":[29],"picture":[30],"concerning":[31],"differentiating":[38],"tasks":[39],"with":[40,93,125,216],"presumed":[41],"differences":[42,226],"in":[43,66,88,97,112,192,207,227,240,245],"mental":[44,228],"workload.":[45],"METHOD:":[46],"A":[47],"total":[48],"108":[50],"relatively":[51],"healthy":[52],"drivers":[53],"balanced":[54],"by":[55],"gender":[56],"and":[57,81,115,133,152,232,239,249],"three":[59,67],"groups":[61],"(20-29,":[62],"40-49,":[63],"60-69)":[64],"engaged":[65],"difficulty":[68],"an":[71],"auditory":[72],"presentation-verbal":[73],"response":[74],"working":[75],"memory":[76],"task.":[77],"RESULTS:":[78],"Heart":[79],"rate":[80,132,154],"skin":[82],"conductance":[83],"level":[84],"(SCL)":[85],"both":[86,150],"increased":[87],"statistically":[90],"significant":[91],"fashion":[92],"each":[94,140],"incremental":[95,107,123],"increase":[96,124,213],"demand,":[99],"whereas":[100],"performance":[102],"did":[104],"not":[105],"provide":[106,170],"discrimination.":[108],"SCL":[109,134,151],"was":[110,128,142],"lower":[111],"40s":[114],"60s":[116],"groups;":[118],"however,":[119],"pattern":[121],"higher":[126],"consistent":[129],"heart":[131,153],"all":[136],"Although":[139],"measure":[141],"quite":[143],"sensitive":[144],"at":[145,163],"group":[147],"level,":[148],"considering":[149],"improved":[155],"detection":[156,248],"periods":[158],"heightened":[160],"individual":[165],"level.":[166],"CONCLUSION:":[167],"The":[168],"data":[169],"clear":[171],"evidence":[172],"that":[173],"basic":[175],"can":[178],"be":[179,221],"utilized":[180],"field":[182],"to":[184,223],"differentiate":[185],"multiple":[186],"objectively":[189],"defined":[190],"changes":[191],"demand.":[194],"Methodological":[195],"considerations,":[196],"including":[197],"task":[198],"engagement,":[199],"may":[200,220],"account":[201],"some":[203],"inconsistencies":[206],"previous":[208],"research.":[209],"APPLICATION:":[210],"These":[211],"findings":[212],"confidence":[215],"which":[217],"these":[218],"applied":[222],"relative":[225],"workload":[229,247],"when":[230],"developing":[231],"optimizing":[233],"human":[234],"machine":[235],"interface":[236],"(HMI)":[237],"designs":[238],"exploring":[241],"their":[242],"potential":[243],"role":[244],"advanced":[246],"augmented":[250],"cognition":[251],"systems.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}