{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416509894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21522715251397933","title":"Enhancing Mindfulness Training in Virtual Reality: A Randomized Trial of Biofeedback Integration","display_name":"Enhancing Mindfulness Training in Virtual Reality: A Randomized Trial of Biofeedback Integration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416509894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21522715251397933","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41269211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/21522715251397933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21522715251397933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118036144","display_name":"Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking","issn_l":"2152-2715","issn":["2152-2715","2152-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008850928","display_name":"Ana L\u00facia Coutinho Domingues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-7090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ana Domingues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Psychology, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103180599","display_name":"Ana Beato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-3578"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Beato","raw_affiliation_strings":["HEI-Lab: Human Environment Interaction Lab, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HEI-Lab: Human Environment Interaction Lab, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083815743","display_name":"Jorge Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-4981"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["HEI-Lab: Human Environment Interaction Lab, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HEI-Lab: Human Environment Interaction Lab, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085694920","display_name":"Pedro Gamito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-8447"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Gamito","raw_affiliation_strings":["HEI-Lab: Human Environment Interaction Lab, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HEI-Lab: Human Environment Interaction Lab, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008850928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45757748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"12","first_page":"801","last_page":"809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10708","display_name":"Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10708","display_name":"Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11768","display_name":"Music Therapy and Health","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mindfulness","display_name":"Mindfulness","score":0.9419000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofeedback","display_name":"Biofeedback","score":0.8104000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.6068000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychophysiology","display_name":"Psychophysiology","score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.34769999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780444219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q341045","display_name":"Mindfulness","level":2,"score":0.9419000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776377089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864329","display_name":"Biofeedback","level":2,"score":0.8104000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6068000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5595999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23677625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428943","display_name":"Psychophysiology","level":2,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778874215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q341045","display_name":"Mindfulness meditation","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126139899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818236","display_name":"Attentional control","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777772685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q341036","display_name":"Mindfulness-based stress reduction","level":3,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521822307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108458","display_name":"Meditation","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100480397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836899","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987238706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404268","display_name":"Stress reduction","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2434490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1306920","display_name":"Neurofeedback","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001676","descriptor_name":"Biofeedback, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001676","descriptor_name":"Biofeedback, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001676","descriptor_name":"Biofeedback, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064866","descriptor_name":"Mindfulness","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064866","descriptor_name":"Mindfulness","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064866","descriptor_name":"Mindfulness","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/21522715251397933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21522715251397933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118036144","display_name":"Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking","issn_l":"2152-2715","issn":["2152-2715","2152-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41269211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41269211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W350139113","https://openalex.org/W1965917723","https://openalex.org/W1976683074","https://openalex.org/W2002164056","https://openalex.org/W2027526537","https://openalex.org/W2044049456","https://openalex.org/W2062879212","https://openalex.org/W2075305762","https://openalex.org/W2084605964","https://openalex.org/W2096822517","https://openalex.org/W2105270790","https://openalex.org/W2106591755","https://openalex.org/W2114363889","https://openalex.org/W2116142160","https://openalex.org/W2124126925","https://openalex.org/W2137886388","https://openalex.org/W2140484936","https://openalex.org/W2141674457","https://openalex.org/W2148155189","https://openalex.org/W2154459716","https://openalex.org/W2462461449","https://openalex.org/W2483396559","https://openalex.org/W2583008068","https://openalex.org/W2594903542","https://openalex.org/W2598210266","https://openalex.org/W2752116240","https://openalex.org/W2769518064","https://openalex.org/W2799737205","https://openalex.org/W2884591764","https://openalex.org/W2890480785","https://openalex.org/W2899489763","https://openalex.org/W3101343162","https://openalex.org/W3158356682","https://openalex.org/W3188915143","https://openalex.org/W4292994367","https://openalex.org/W4399130280"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"=":[0],"24":[1],"per":[2],"group):":[3],"mindfulness":[4,9,90],"with":[5,10,79],"VR":[6,11,64],"and":[7,13,26,30,51,54,75,91],"biofeedback,":[8],"only,":[12],"traditional":[14],"audio-guided":[15],"mindfulness.":[16],"Self-report":[17],"measures":[18],"assessed":[19],"negative":[20],"emotional":[21],"symptoms,":[22],"state":[23],"anxiety,":[24,50],"affect,":[25],"present-moment":[27,98],"awareness":[28,74],"before":[29],"after":[31],"the":[32,80,86],"intervention.":[33],"Heart":[34],"rate":[35,53],"was":[36],"recorded":[37],"as":[38],"a":[39],"psychophysiological":[40],"index":[41],"of":[42,88],"arousal.":[43],"Results":[44],"indicated":[45],"significant":[46],"reductions":[47],"in":[48,57,72],"stress,":[49],"heart":[52],"an":[55],"increase":[56],"positive":[58],"affect":[59],"across":[60],"all":[61],"groups.":[62],"The":[63],"+":[65],"biofeedback":[66,95],"group":[67],"showed":[68],"significantly":[69],"greater":[70],"improvements":[71],"receptive":[73],"attentional":[76],"focus":[77],"compared":[78],"other":[81],"conditions.":[82],"These":[83],"findings":[84],"support":[85],"use":[87],"VR-based":[89],"suggest":[92],"that":[93],"integrating":[94],"may":[96],"enhance":[97],"engagement.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}