{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413035327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251351323","title":"The ICE\u2013Lexis nexus: An argument against use of commercial databases in immigration enforcement","display_name":"The ICE\u2013Lexis nexus: An argument against use of commercial databases in immigration enforcement","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413035327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251351323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/20539517251351323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251351323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251351323","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093832266","display_name":"Jessica P. Needle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0531-8482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jessica P. Needle","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0531-8482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084953855","display_name":"Alan Rubel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-7305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314586196","display_name":"United States Department of Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/02916qm60","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314586196"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Rubel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information School and Center for Law, Society and Justice, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-7305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information School and Center for Law, Society and Justice, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314586196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093832266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25157795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13055","display_name":"Global Security and Public Health","score":0.9616000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nexus","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","score":0.8123450875282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexis","display_name":"Lexis","score":0.7515329122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.7050773501396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration","display_name":"Immigration","score":0.6366311311721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.607469916343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegal-immigration","display_name":"Illegal immigration","score":0.5661288499832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.48901233077049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.4836677014827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43278807401657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42348572611808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3628428876399994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3613051176071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3603360652923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.22655263543128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17258572578430176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.8123450875282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516687495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3226977","display_name":"Lexis","level":2,"score":0.7515329122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.7050773501396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.6366311311721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.607469916343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018099709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856681","display_name":"Illegal immigration","level":3,"score":0.5661288499832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.48901233077049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.4836677014827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43278807401657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42348572611808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3628428876399994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3613051176071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3603360652923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22655263543128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17258572578430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/20539517251351323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251351323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a631d4bdc17f4e71935ba794f3563fc4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a631d4bdc17f4e71935ba794f3563fc4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society, Vol 12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/20539517251351323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251351323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495754255","https://openalex.org/W1967216345","https://openalex.org/W2110993056","https://openalex.org/W2127985840","https://openalex.org/W2323538332","https://openalex.org/W2467364651","https://openalex.org/W2501688806","https://openalex.org/W2552862292","https://openalex.org/W2955066393","https://openalex.org/W3002158837","https://openalex.org/W3042288045","https://openalex.org/W3084163594","https://openalex.org/W3096756465","https://openalex.org/W3112926171","https://openalex.org/W3121895866","https://openalex.org/W4200465756","https://openalex.org/W4205374969","https://openalex.org/W4207012491","https://openalex.org/W4211027076","https://openalex.org/W4231016000","https://openalex.org/W4235074388","https://openalex.org/W4247564649","https://openalex.org/W4252328589","https://openalex.org/W4252817106","https://openalex.org/W4307592344","https://openalex.org/W4313321611","https://openalex.org/W4399812971","https://openalex.org/W6811662956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247914209","https://openalex.org/W2391132124","https://openalex.org/W2203758549","https://openalex.org/W3158626579","https://openalex.org/W1516399836","https://openalex.org/W2911312238","https://openalex.org/W3126909309","https://openalex.org/W1971510095","https://openalex.org/W2918006290","https://openalex.org/W2063108557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,119],"2022,":[1],"immigration":[2,28,157,229],"advocates":[3],"filed":[4],"a":[5,83],"lawsuit":[6,81],"against":[7],"commercial":[8],"data":[9],"broker":[10],"LexisNexis":[11,35],"(\u201cLexis\u201d)":[12],"for":[13,225],"its":[14,223],"role":[15],"in":[16,72,86,155],"facilitating":[17],"unwarranted":[18],"surveillance":[19],"of":[20,26,46,128,141,170,192,212,220,227],"immigrants":[21],"and":[22,55,61,78,93,99,111,146,161,190,205],"political":[23],"activists":[24],"critical":[25],"U.S.":[27,53,125],"policy":[29,218],"(":[30],"Castellanos":[31,134],"et":[32],"al.":[33],"v.":[34],"Risk":[36],"Solutions,":[37],"Complaint,":[38],"2022":[39],").":[40],"The":[41,133],"plaintiffs":[42],"allege":[43],"that":[44,69,124,167,183],"use":[45,127,169,185,211,224],"Accurint":[47,129,176,213],"(the":[48],"product":[49],"Lexis":[50],"sells":[51],"to":[52,67,96,106,115,139,152,180,195],"Immigration":[54],"Customs":[56],"Enforcement)":[57],"violates":[58],"consent,":[59],"compensation,":[60],"privacy":[62],"laws,":[63,158],"further":[64],"subjecting":[65],"noncitizens":[66],"monitoring":[68],"can":[70],"result":[71],"severe":[73],"enforcement":[74,92,226],"action\u2014including":[75],"detainment,":[76],"deportation,":[77],"arrest.":[79],"This":[80],"reflects":[82],"broader":[84],"phenomenon":[85],"which":[87,198],"brokers":[88],"partner":[89],"with":[90,215],"law":[91],"intelligence":[94],"agencies":[95],"collect,":[97],"aggregate,":[98],"analyze":[100],"personal":[101],"data,":[102],"build":[103],"information":[104],"systems":[105,173],"make":[107],"inferences":[108],"about":[109],"individuals,":[110],"sell":[112],"their":[113],"services":[114],"aid":[116],"policing":[117],"activities.":[118],"this":[120],"article,":[121],"we":[122],"argue":[123,166],"government":[126,153,168],"is":[130,231],"morally":[131],"objectionable.":[132],"complaint":[135],"outlines":[136],"harms":[137],"connected":[138],"freedoms":[140],"speech,":[142],"association,":[143],"equal":[144],"rights,":[145],"consumer":[147],"protection.":[148],"Lexis\u2019":[149],"response":[150],"points":[151],"interests":[154],"enforcing":[156],"public":[159],"safety,":[160],"conducting":[162],"criminal":[163],"investigations.":[164],"We":[165],"sociotechnical":[171],"decision":[172],"such":[174,184],"as":[175],"are":[177],"justifiable":[178],"only":[179],"the":[181,188,216],"extent":[182],"adequately":[186],"respects":[187],"autonomy":[189],"agency":[191],"persons":[193],"subject":[194],"those":[196],"systems,":[197],"turns":[199],"on":[200],"reliability,":[201],"purported":[202],"responsibility,":[203],"stakes,":[204],"relative":[206],"burdens.":[207],"Finally,":[208],"because":[209],"federal":[210],"conflicts":[214],"legitimate":[217],"goals":[219],"substate":[221],"actors,":[222],"noncriminal":[228],"violations":[230],"unjustifiable.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
