{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410556087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251340626","title":"Navigating ethical boundaries: Subtle agency and compliance among tech workers in China and the United States","display_name":"Navigating ethical boundaries: Subtle agency and compliance among tech workers in China and the United States","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410556087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251340626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/20539517251340626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251340626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251340626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010541329","display_name":"Di Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16269868","display_name":"Santa Clara University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypqe447","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Di Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Clara University","Department of Sociology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-9034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Clara University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117620194","display_name":"Bryce Nishikawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16269868","display_name":"Santa Clara University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypqe447","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryce Nishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Clara University","Department of Sociology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8812-2142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Clara University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010541329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":2.7405,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9047422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9474999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.7032109498977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.6652132272720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","score":0.6174968481063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.44621992111206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3721350133419037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3275200128555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.26069045066833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.15343359112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15070563554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.14637491106987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7032109498977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6652132272720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6174968481063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44621992111206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3721350133419037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3275200128555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.26069045066833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.15343359112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15070563554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.14637491106987}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/20539517251340626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251340626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59f4562693dc43e98ed1f2e3df977b2d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59f4562693dc43e98ed1f2e3df977b2d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society, Vol 12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/20539517251340626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251340626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327997","display_name":"Templeton Religion Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02q53mk25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483776474","https://openalex.org/W1780940852","https://openalex.org/W1783314340","https://openalex.org/W1984344777","https://openalex.org/W2015464936","https://openalex.org/W2056006029","https://openalex.org/W2062825947","https://openalex.org/W2086503951","https://openalex.org/W2139661402","https://openalex.org/W2166459856","https://openalex.org/W2232839779","https://openalex.org/W2345533619","https://openalex.org/W2598912916","https://openalex.org/W2600869858","https://openalex.org/W2948116049","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2967778900","https://openalex.org/W2985543011","https://openalex.org/W3001465270","https://openalex.org/W3043372842","https://openalex.org/W3094025600","https://openalex.org/W3161260233","https://openalex.org/W3210030168","https://openalex.org/W4206429981","https://openalex.org/W4206937055","https://openalex.org/W4210787375","https://openalex.org/W4214859103","https://openalex.org/W4241309571","https://openalex.org/W4283793257","https://openalex.org/W4289320789","https://openalex.org/W4312555542","https://openalex.org/W4317748828","https://openalex.org/W4380988956","https://openalex.org/W4387382321","https://openalex.org/W4388625701","https://openalex.org/W4399293905","https://openalex.org/W7042587256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2410395228","https://openalex.org/W2350270224","https://openalex.org/W2354620178","https://openalex.org/W600967366","https://openalex.org/W3125941065","https://openalex.org/W4403952488","https://openalex.org/W2383989146","https://openalex.org/W2484615095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tech":[0],"workers":[1,48,75,109],"often":[2],"experience":[3],"ethical":[4,40,58,80,97,115,127,133,150],"tensions":[5],"arising":[6],"from":[7],"the":[8,14,26,52,60,136,153],"misalignment":[9],"of":[10,35,126],"their":[11,79,83,140],"values":[12],"and":[13,23,51,63,82,93,95,114,135],"prevailing":[15],"unethical":[16],"or":[17],"ethically":[18],"ambiguous":[19],"practices":[20,151],"concerning":[21],"data":[22],"algorithms":[24],"in":[25,49,101,110,152],"workplace.":[27],"Despite":[28],"this,":[29],"there":[30],"is":[31],"an":[32],"insufficient":[33],"understanding":[34],"how":[36],"tech":[37,47,74,108,130,155],"professionals":[38],"address":[39],"tensions.":[41],"Based":[42],"on":[43],"interviews":[44],"with":[45,87],"98":[46],"China":[50],"United":[53],"States,":[54],"this":[55],"study":[56,118],"explores":[57],"tensions,":[59],"workers\u2019":[61,131],"responses,":[62],"potential":[64],"cross-national":[65],"variations.":[66],"It":[67,143],"identifies":[68],"three":[69],"prevalent":[70],"strategies":[71],"by":[72,107],"which":[73],"navigate":[76],"conflicts":[77],"between":[78],"principles":[81],"companies\u2019":[84],"practices:":[85],"complying":[86],"market":[88],"fundamentalism,":[89],"compromising":[90],"personal":[91],"ethics,":[92],"upholding":[94],"critiquing":[96],"guidelines.":[98],"Cross-national":[99],"differences":[100],"strategy":[102],"implementation":[103],"highlight":[104],"nuanced":[105],"approaches":[106],"diverse":[111],"economic,":[112],"political,":[113],"contexts.":[116],"The":[117],"positions":[119],"these":[120],"responses":[121],"within":[122],"a":[123],"theoretical":[124],"framework":[125],"agency,":[128],"revealing":[129],"subtle":[132],"agency":[134],"factors":[137],"that":[138],"constrain":[139],"decision-making":[141],"processes.":[142],"also":[144],"contributes":[145],"data-driven":[146],"insights":[147],"to":[148],"promote":[149],"global":[154],"industry.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}