{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320732619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153811","title":"European artificial intelligence policy as digital single market making","display_name":"European artificial intelligence policy as digital single market making","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320732619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/20539517231153811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153811","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053601719","display_name":"Troels Krarup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-2221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Troels Krarup","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086415196","display_name":"Maja Horst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-5213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maja Horst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053601719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":10.849,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98651187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13475","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Law","score":0.9505000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9419999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislature","display_name":"Legislature","score":0.6394034624099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European union","score":0.582405686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.5569637417793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.5139455199241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4564123749732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-data-protection-regulation","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","score":0.42475032806396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.4216248393058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.41647934913635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3681458830833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.358803391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3277183175086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3132447600364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.25156188011169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.22535249590873718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.6394034624099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.582405686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.5569637417793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5139455199241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4564123749732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3090818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172506","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","level":3,"score":0.42475032806396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4216248393058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.41647934913635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3681458830833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.358803391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3277183175086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3132447600364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.25156188011169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.22535249590873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/20539517231153811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/4104fa41-e254-49a6-83f4-644cee5e09f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/4104fa41-e254-49a6-83f4-644cee5e09f5","pdf_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/315530694/20539517231153811.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Krarup , T M &amp; Horst , M 2023 , ' European Artificial Intelligence Policy as Digital Single Market Making ' , Big Data and Society , vol. 10 , no. 1 . https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153811","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5edb315e-b19a-47fc-8ded-522070cfa4cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/5edb315e-b19a-47fc-8ded-522070cfa4cb","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/678360123/Krarup_Horst_2023_European-artificial-intelligence-policy-as-digital-single-market-making.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Krarup, T & Horst, M 2023, 'European artificial intelligence policy as digital single market making', Big Data and Society, vol. 10, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153811","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c06c6246c2843e39ac7a501f0820623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c06c6246c2843e39ac7a501f0820623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society, Vol 10 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/20539517231153811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67884385","https://openalex.org/W1967842970","https://openalex.org/W1981721324","https://openalex.org/W2016533811","https://openalex.org/W2112031167","https://openalex.org/W2140463603","https://openalex.org/W2623152824","https://openalex.org/W2897249806","https://openalex.org/W2910917352","https://openalex.org/W2913812060","https://openalex.org/W2914002162","https://openalex.org/W2914511770","https://openalex.org/W2929749054","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2953809940","https://openalex.org/W2961803158","https://openalex.org/W2987558718","https://openalex.org/W3003385079","https://openalex.org/W3020907699","https://openalex.org/W3028544364","https://openalex.org/W3044189763","https://openalex.org/W3082258125","https://openalex.org/W3096532999","https://openalex.org/W3106188259","https://openalex.org/W3112287817","https://openalex.org/W3126546874","https://openalex.org/W3135573933","https://openalex.org/W3179143844","https://openalex.org/W3205161833","https://openalex.org/W3215960567","https://openalex.org/W4220839251","https://openalex.org/W4235516364","https://openalex.org/W4239727386","https://openalex.org/W4283802198","https://openalex.org/W4285098881","https://openalex.org/W4292018454","https://openalex.org/W4299161002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917102635","https://openalex.org/W3023256691","https://openalex.org/W2789497412","https://openalex.org/W2883729192","https://openalex.org/W2910484607","https://openalex.org/W2794700933","https://openalex.org/W2901967497","https://openalex.org/W3048759155","https://openalex.org/W3000605968","https://openalex.org/W2968025557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"innovation":[1],"in":[2,35,67],"digital":[3],"services":[4],"relying":[5],"on":[6,31,78,125,135],"artificial":[7],"intelligence":[8],"(AI)":[9],"challenges":[10],"existing":[11],"regulations":[12],"across":[13],"a":[14,26,64,97],"wide":[15],"array":[16],"of":[17,54,73,83,105,112,123],"policy":[18],"fields.":[19],"The":[20],"European":[21],"Union":[22],"(EU)":[23],"has":[24],"pursued":[25],"position":[27],"as":[28,141],"global":[29],"leader":[30],"ethical":[32,58,131],"AI":[33,59,79,107],"regulation":[34],"explicit":[36],"contrast":[37],"to":[38,117],"US":[39],"laissez-faire":[40],"and":[41,57,87,102,119,129,132,143],"Chinese":[42],"state":[43],"surveillance":[44],"approaches.":[45],"This":[46],"article":[47],"asks":[48],"how":[49],"the":[50,110,120,126,136],"seemingly":[51],"heterogeneous":[52],"approaches":[53],"market":[55,94],"making":[56],"are":[60,139],"woven":[61],"together":[62],"at":[63],"deeper":[65],"level":[66],"EU":[68,76],"regulation.":[69,108],"Combining":[70],"quantitative":[71],"analysis":[72],"all":[74],"official":[75],"documents":[77],"with":[80],"in-depth":[81],"reading":[82],"key":[84],"reports,":[85],"communications,":[86],"legislative":[88],"corpora,":[89],"we":[90],"demonstrate":[91],"that":[92],"single":[93],"integration":[95],"constitutes":[96],"fundamental":[98],"but":[99],"overlooked":[100],"engine":[101],"structuring":[103],"principle":[104],"new":[106],"Under":[109],"influence":[111],"this":[113],"principle,":[114],"removing":[115],"barriers":[116],"competition":[118],"free":[121],"flow":[122],"data,":[124],"one":[127],"hand,":[128,138],"securing":[130],"responsible":[133],"AI,":[134],"other":[137],"seen":[140],"compatible":[142],"even":[144],"mutually":[145],"reinforcing.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
