{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107168660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720976680","title":"Innovation under pressure: Implications for data privacy during the Covid-19 pandemic","display_name":"Innovation under pressure: Implications for data privacy during the Covid-19 pandemic","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107168660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720976680","mag":"3107168660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/2053951720976680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720976680","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951720976680","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951720976680","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008470831","display_name":"Gemma Newlands","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-384X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181046868","display_name":"BI Norwegian Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/03ez40v33","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gemma Newlands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nordic Centre for Internet and Society, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nordic Centre for Internet and Society, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019957496","display_name":"Christoph Lutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-6006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181046868","display_name":"BI Norwegian Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/03ez40v33","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Lutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nordic Centre for Internet and Society, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-6006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nordic Centre for Internet and Society, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072909198","display_name":"Aurelia Tam\u00f2\u2010Larrieux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-7643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aurelia Tam\u00f2-Larrieux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","FAA \u2013 Institute for Work and Employment Research, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAA \u2013 Institute for Work and Employment Research, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074444599","display_name":"Eduard Fosch\u2010Villaronga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8325-5871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Fosch Villaronga","raw_affiliation_strings":["eLaw Center for Law and Digital Technologies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"eLaw Center for Law and Digital Technologies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083032924","display_name":"Rehana Harasgama","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rehana Harasgama","raw_affiliation_strings":["B\u00e4r & Karrer Ag, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"B\u00e4r & Karrer Ag, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090187790","display_name":"Gil Scheitlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gil Scheitlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Protection Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Protection Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019957496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":19.5919,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99308622,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.6594464778900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.6352390050888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5975544452667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-by-design","display_name":"Privacy by Design","score":0.5083414912223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.5023157596588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.42066770792007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4150044322013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-policy","display_name":"Privacy policy","score":0.41116005182266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3727843463420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21502235531806946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6594464778900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.6352390050888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5975544452667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193934123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246028","display_name":"Privacy by Design","level":3,"score":0.5083414912223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.5023157596588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.42066770792007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4150044322013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.41116005182266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3727843463420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21502235531806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/2053951720976680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720976680","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951720976680","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biopen.bi.no:11250/2976738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2976738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Society","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:671970afd90a4bb28989080dde269678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/671970afd90a4bb28989080dde269678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society, Vol 7 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/2053951720976680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720976680","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951720976680","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5567985615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Nr. 1031564","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311363","funder_display_name":"Universit\u00e4t St. Gallen"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7426952716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"275347","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8901077523","display_name":"LEaDing Fellows","funder_award_id":"707404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","funder_display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311363","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323874","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107168660.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107168660.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756688","https://openalex.org/W36032263","https://openalex.org/W575598456","https://openalex.org/W1042953836","https://openalex.org/W1533829641","https://openalex.org/W1576516817","https://openalex.org/W1908083769","https://openalex.org/W1972992698","https://openalex.org/W1997947426","https://openalex.org/W2089402107","https://openalex.org/W2117646535","https://openalex.org/W2119301477","https://openalex.org/W2121391934","https://openalex.org/W2158280852","https://openalex.org/W2183446013","https://openalex.org/W2216770981","https://openalex.org/W2513407075","https://openalex.org/W2527314832","https://openalex.org/W2553850813","https://openalex.org/W2600736460","https://openalex.org/W2621635773","https://openalex.org/W2756028556","https://openalex.org/W2904819015","https://openalex.org/W2906460733","https://openalex.org/W2921661394","https://openalex.org/W2945697197","https://openalex.org/W2980255840","https://openalex.org/W3008310081","https://openalex.org/W3012190559","https://openalex.org/W3012538234","https://openalex.org/W3013215798","https://openalex.org/W3016242181","https://openalex.org/W3021966615","https://openalex.org/W3022522893","https://openalex.org/W3022734214","https://openalex.org/W3024787918","https://openalex.org/W3026262114","https://openalex.org/W3031053929","https://openalex.org/W3035890329","https://openalex.org/W3036512669","https://openalex.org/W3045024164","https://openalex.org/W3045757596","https://openalex.org/W3046194989","https://openalex.org/W3046243937","https://openalex.org/W3046513746","https://openalex.org/W3048280125","https://openalex.org/W3048381841","https://openalex.org/W3048692238","https://openalex.org/W3053719901","https://openalex.org/W3082258125","https://openalex.org/W3082516348","https://openalex.org/W3084388756","https://openalex.org/W3096061195","https://openalex.org/W3121278559","https://openalex.org/W3125368128","https://openalex.org/W4244335510","https://openalex.org/W4246628909","https://openalex.org/W4252148582","https://openalex.org/W4301872572","https://openalex.org/W6601160403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116878667","https://openalex.org/W3042284153","https://openalex.org/W576625533","https://openalex.org/W2132024542","https://openalex.org/W2476957992","https://openalex.org/W2118333568","https://openalex.org/W2111170006","https://openalex.org/W315296216","https://openalex.org/W2994243660","https://openalex.org/W4241527182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"global":[1,131],"Covid-19":[2,82],"pandemic":[3,83,100],"has":[4],"resulted":[5],"in":[6,12,113],"social":[7],"and":[8,35,44,57,66,84,101,105,126,145,163],"economic":[9],"disruption":[10],"unprecedented":[11],"the":[13,24,81,86,92,122,137,143,147],"modern":[14],"era.":[15],"Many":[16],"countries":[17],"have":[18,141,156,171],"introduced":[19],"severe":[20],"measures":[21],"to":[22,46,110,155],"contain":[23],"virus,":[25],"including":[26],"travel":[27],"restrictions,":[28],"public":[29],"event":[30],"bans,":[31],"non-essential":[32],"business":[33],"closures":[34],"remote":[36],"work":[37],"policies.":[38],"While":[39],"digital":[40,76,139],"technologies":[41,78],"help":[42,164],"governments":[43],"organizations":[45],"enforce":[47],"protection":[48,128],"measures,":[49],"such":[50,114],"as":[51],"contact":[52],"tracing,":[53],"their":[54],"rushed":[55],"deployment":[56],"adoption":[58],"also":[59],"raises":[60,146],"profound":[61],"concerns":[62],"about":[63],"surveillance,":[64],"privacy":[65,87,96,112,125,158,167],"data":[67,127],"protection.":[68],"This":[69],"article":[70,134],"presents":[71],"two":[72],"critical":[73],"cases":[74],"on":[75,121,136,172],"surveillance":[77],"implemented":[79],"during":[80,98,129],"delineates":[85],"implications":[88,138,168],"thereof.":[89],"We":[90],"explain":[91],"contextual":[93],"nature":[94],"of":[95,124,149],"trade-offs":[97],"a":[99,118,130,153],"explore":[102],"how":[103],"regulatory":[104],"technical":[106],"responses":[107],"are":[108],"needed":[109],"protect":[111],"circumstances.":[115],"By":[116],"providing":[117],"multi-disciplinary":[119],"conversation":[120],"value":[123],"pandemic,":[132],"this":[133],"reflects":[135],"solutions":[140],"for":[142],"future":[144],"question":[148],"whether":[150],"there":[151],"is":[152],"way":[154],"expedited":[157],"assessments":[159],"that":[160],"could":[161],"anticipate":[162],"mitigate":[165],"adverse":[166],"these":[169],"may":[170],"society.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}