{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953289578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719855091","title":"Digital identity: Contemporary challenges for data protection, privacy and non-discrimination rights","display_name":"Digital identity: Contemporary challenges for data protection, privacy and non-discrimination rights","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953289578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719855091","mag":"2953289578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/2053951719855091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719855091","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951719855091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951719855091","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066382090","display_name":"Ana Beduschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8037-5384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ana Beduschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Law School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Law School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066382090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":13.2836,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98290514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"205395171985509","last_page":"205395171985509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6833065748214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.626230001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5830155611038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-theft","display_name":"Identity theft","score":0.5627799034118652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-identity","display_name":"Digital identity","score":0.5311680436134338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5255388617515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"Human rights","score":0.508206844329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.49238789081573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-privacy","display_name":"Right to privacy","score":0.4548121988773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4405432939529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.42085781693458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3924550712108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.38018348813056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.36016130447387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2203463613986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.1987898349761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18062689900398254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6833065748214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.626230001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5830155611038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522325796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471880","display_name":"Identity theft","level":2,"score":0.5627799034118652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779813694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528053","display_name":"Digital identity","level":3,"score":0.5311680436134338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5255388617515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.508206844329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.49238789081573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18414002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8354932","display_name":"Right to privacy","level":2,"score":0.4548121988773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4405432939529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42085781693458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3924550712108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38018348813056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.36016130447387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2203463613986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.1987898349761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18062689900398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/2053951719855091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719855091","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951719855091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8057d7b4dd54497582cf4ec87f368595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8057d7b4dd54497582cf4ec87f368595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society, Vol 6 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/37585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/37585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/2053951719855091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719855091","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951719855091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736409588","display_name":"Big Data & Society","issn_l":"2053-9517","issn":["2053-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953289578.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953289578.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200352208","https://openalex.org/W2096196718","https://openalex.org/W2334690555","https://openalex.org/W2510199136","https://openalex.org/W2614017891","https://openalex.org/W2620636316","https://openalex.org/W2766860436","https://openalex.org/W2883452638","https://openalex.org/W2962975506","https://openalex.org/W3122043508","https://openalex.org/W3122382384","https://openalex.org/W3122687487","https://openalex.org/W3122819027","https://openalex.org/W4255228022","https://openalex.org/W4302417921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1144030825","https://openalex.org/W2899491940","https://openalex.org/W4312461427","https://openalex.org/W2801603504","https://openalex.org/W3192227156","https://openalex.org/W2381943935","https://openalex.org/W3207978485","https://openalex.org/W2799236100","https://openalex.org/W3156135475","https://openalex.org/W3175527458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,157],"World":[1],"Bank":[2],"estimates":[3],"that":[4,184],"over":[5],"one":[6],"billion":[7],"people":[8],"currently":[9],"lack":[10],"official":[11,71],"identity":[12,28,56,107,146,187],"documents.":[13],"To":[14],"tackle":[15],"this":[16,46],"crucial":[17],"issue,":[18],"the":[19,23,34,49,96,131,162,181,193,199],"United":[20],"Nations":[21],"included":[22],"aim":[24],"to":[25,44,69,73,80,84,121,192],"provide":[26,70],"legal":[27,113],"for":[29,95,130,143],"all":[30],"by":[31,104],"2030":[32],"among":[33],"Sustainable":[35],"Development":[36],"Goals.":[37],"Technology":[38],"can":[39],"be":[40],"a":[41],"powerful":[42],"tool":[43],"reach":[45],"target.":[47],"In":[48],"digital":[50,163,186],"age,":[51],"new":[52],"technologies":[53,108],"increasingly":[54],"mediate":[55],"verification":[57],"and":[58,64,75,79,117,123,145,150,208,214],"identification":[59,144],"of":[60,89,98,101,133,159,167,195,205,212],"individuals.":[61],"Currently,":[62],"State-led":[63],"public\u2013private":[65],"initiatives":[66,91],"use":[67],"technology":[68],"identification,":[72],"control":[74],"secure":[76],"external":[77],"borders,":[78],"distribute":[81],"humanitarian":[82],"aid":[83],"populations":[85],"in":[86,161],"need.":[87],"All":[88],"these":[90,170],"have":[92],"profound":[93],"implications":[94],"protection":[97,132,149,194],"human":[99,135,196],"rights":[100,152,197],"those":[102],"affected":[103],"them.":[105],"Digital":[106],"may":[109],"render":[110],"individuals":[111],"without":[112],"documentation":[114],"more":[115],"visible":[116],"therefore":[118],"less":[119],"vulnerable":[120],"abuse":[122],"exploitation.":[124],"However,":[125],"they":[126,138],"also":[127,166],"present":[128],"risks":[129,204],"individuals'":[134],"rights.":[136],"As":[137],"build":[139],"on":[140],"personal":[141],"data":[142,148,215],"verification,":[147],"privacy":[151,213],"are":[153],"most":[154],"clearly":[155],"affected.":[156],"prohibition":[158],"discrimination":[160,207],"space":[164],"is":[165,175],"concern":[168],"as":[169],"technological":[171],"advances'":[172],"societal":[173],"impact":[174],"not":[176],"yet":[177],"fully":[178],"understood.":[179],"Accordingly,":[180],"article":[182],"argues":[183],"emerging":[185],"platforms":[188],"will":[189],"only":[190],"contribute":[191],"if":[198],"providers":[200],"adequately":[201],"mitigate":[202],"any":[203],"potential":[206],"promote":[209],"high":[210],"standards":[211],"protection.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}