{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412015372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18758967251355732","title":"Attentional Residual Network Based Spatial Transformer Mechanism for Facial Expression Recognition","display_name":"Attentional Residual Network Based Spatial Transformer Mechanism for Facial Expression Recognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412015372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18758967251355732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/18758967251355732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18758967251355732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044628238","display_name":"Dangguo Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-9545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dangguo Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","Yunnan Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Kunming, China","Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technologies Application, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technologies Application, Kunming, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118815163","display_name":"Gaofei Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaofei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106615672","display_name":"Lei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-8684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","Yunnan Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106615672"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446","https://openalex.org/I4210100255"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86557694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"3","first_page":"751","last_page":"766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5710666179656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.5232012271881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5097889304161072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.4932355284690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47158563137054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.454118937253952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3953477740287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3396303951740265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3323548436164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.33054929971694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32428473234176636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.2135334312915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14862164855003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12822866439819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10738179087638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.05100393295288086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5710666179656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.5232012271881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5097889304161072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4932355284690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47158563137054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.454118937253952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3953477740287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3396303951740265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3323548436164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33054929971694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32428473234176636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.2135334312915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14862164855003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12822866439819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10738179087638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.05100393295288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/18758967251355732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18758967251355732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1151677722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NO.62266025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324302","funder_display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4462871427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2309/CB22144S078A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324302","funder_display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324302","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W1520479011","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2122038737","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2166192198","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2333811724","https://openalex.org/W2486806851","https://openalex.org/W2610961739","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2883848153","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2905511418","https://openalex.org/W2931011950","https://openalex.org/W2953771225","https://openalex.org/W2989609593","https://openalex.org/W3056251842","https://openalex.org/W3126991911","https://openalex.org/W3157999215","https://openalex.org/W3158135217","https://openalex.org/W3172509117","https://openalex.org/W3196050869","https://openalex.org/W3197874772","https://openalex.org/W3208669052","https://openalex.org/W3216480818","https://openalex.org/W4225927911","https://openalex.org/W4285011707","https://openalex.org/W4285095938","https://openalex.org/W4293168710","https://openalex.org/W4297094711","https://openalex.org/W4297177512","https://openalex.org/W6618372016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205986151","https://openalex.org/W2355913164","https://openalex.org/W2162992774","https://openalex.org/W1153638794","https://openalex.org/W2168968280","https://openalex.org/W2901126000","https://openalex.org/W4323520705","https://openalex.org/W2116055069","https://openalex.org/W2356663679","https://openalex.org/W3027190010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"Expression":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(FER)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"more":[6,72],"crucial":[7],"in":[8,13,65,92],"intelligent":[9],"human-computer":[10],"contact":[11],"systems":[12],"recent":[14],"years.":[15],"The":[16,125,157],"complexity":[17],"and":[18,79,85,101,118,136,153,168,175,183],"confusion":[19],"of":[20,27,81,120,180],"target":[21],"emotions":[22],"lead":[23],"to":[24,42,59,67,89],"low":[25],"accuracy":[26,178],"FER.":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30],"proposes":[31],"an":[32,44,93],"attentional":[33],"residual":[34],"network":[35],"based":[36],"spatial":[37],"transformer":[38],"mechanism":[39],"for":[40,163],"FER":[41],"establish":[43],"effective":[45],"emotion":[46],"recognition":[47],"model.":[48],"First,":[49],"the":[50,62,69,77,90,99,107,111,116,121,140,164,172],"learnable":[51],"module":[52],"Spatial":[53],"Transformer":[54],"Network":[55],"(STN)":[56],"was":[57,87,127,161],"introduced":[58],"actively":[60],"transform":[61],"feature":[63,70],"map":[64],"order":[66],"learn":[68],"map's":[71],"general":[73],"distortion":[74],"invariance.":[75],"Second,":[76],"parameters":[78],"structure":[80],"ResNet18":[82],"were":[83,185],"adjusted,":[84],"it":[86],"connected":[88],"STN":[91],"end-to-end":[94],"manner.":[95],"Finally,":[96],"by":[97],"introducing":[98],"Squeeze":[100],"Excitation":[102],"(SE)":[103],"block,":[104],"which":[105],"replaces":[106],"ReLu":[108],"function":[109],"with":[110],"Mish":[112],"function,":[113],"we":[114],"improved":[115],"stability":[117],"precision":[119],"channel":[122],"weight":[123],"adjustment.":[124],"verification":[126],"carried":[128],"out":[129],"on":[130],"three":[131,146],"public":[132,150],"datasets":[133],"FER2013,":[134,173],"CK+,":[135,174],"JAFFE.":[137],"Among":[138],"them,":[139],"FER2013":[141],"dataset":[142],"is":[143],"separated":[144],"into":[145],"sections,":[147],"training":[148],"set,":[149,152],"validation":[151,155],"private":[154],"set.":[156],"ten-fold":[158],"cross-validation":[159],"approach":[160],"used":[162],"sparse":[165],"CK":[166],"+":[167],"JAFFE":[169,176],"datasets.":[170],"On":[171],"datasets,":[177],"rates":[179],"73.25%,":[181],"99.18%,":[182],"97.10%":[184],"attained,":[186],"respectively.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}