{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412102003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18758967251353377","title":"Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon using Machine Learning Techniques and Geospatial Data for Sustainable Agriculture","display_name":"Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon using Machine Learning Techniques and Geospatial Data for Sustainable Agriculture","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412102003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18758967251353377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/18758967251353377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18758967251353377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059958834","display_name":"Shyamal Mundada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-9162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138251","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03e2e3s57","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138251"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shyamal Mundada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur, 441108, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-9162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur, 441108, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009481416","display_name":"Pooja Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-7787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138251","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03e2e3s57","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138251"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooja Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur, 441108, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-7787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur, 441108, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030040305","display_name":"Nirmal Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9316-8010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162299","display_name":"ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/05vm7ws26","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I4210162299"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nirmal Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Remote Sensing Applications, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Amravati Road, Shankar Nagar Post, Nagpur, 440033, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9316-8010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Remote Sensing Applications, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Amravati Road, Shankar Nagar Post, Nagpur, 440033, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162299"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059958834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138251"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4971,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62684939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"3","first_page":"789","last_page":"804"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.903786301612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-carbon","display_name":"Soil carbon","score":0.6514559984207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.613440990447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-agriculture","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","score":0.5416063070297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.47137439250946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.43542858958244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3490756154060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.3383582830429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3059335947036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.22084647417068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21923401951789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17286181449890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.1570594310760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.06747287511825562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.903786301612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39464130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898","display_name":"Soil carbon","level":3,"score":0.6514559984207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.613440990447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54924851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","level":3,"score":0.5416063070297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.47137439250946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.43542858958244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3490756154060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3383582830429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3059335947036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.22084647417068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21923401951789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17286181449890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.1570594310760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.06747287511825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/18758967251353377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18758967251353377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120210777","https://openalex.org/W429766147","https://openalex.org/W1058055990","https://openalex.org/W1432987575","https://openalex.org/W1487682505","https://openalex.org/W1964357740","https://openalex.org/W1964940342","https://openalex.org/W1967320885","https://openalex.org/W2039240409","https://openalex.org/W2054325787","https://openalex.org/W2062614402","https://openalex.org/W2068512605","https://openalex.org/W2089694438","https://openalex.org/W2094956419","https://openalex.org/W2100330973","https://openalex.org/W2111081357","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2116395914","https://openalex.org/W2139709933","https://openalex.org/W2144189317","https://openalex.org/W2152228646","https://openalex.org/W2153944160","https://openalex.org/W2155544089","https://openalex.org/W2169920519","https://openalex.org/W2171979590","https://openalex.org/W2184896903","https://openalex.org/W2270330859","https://openalex.org/W2321251783","https://openalex.org/W2496913484","https://openalex.org/W2594368475","https://openalex.org/W2611752598","https://openalex.org/W2762917058","https://openalex.org/W2778312486","https://openalex.org/W2792871608","https://openalex.org/W2900710900","https://openalex.org/W2901361750","https://openalex.org/W2905192710","https://openalex.org/W2929575844","https://openalex.org/W2964053750","https://openalex.org/W3024476799","https://openalex.org/W3041305243","https://openalex.org/W3088108459","https://openalex.org/W3169763920","https://openalex.org/W3175862127","https://openalex.org/W3208829640","https://openalex.org/W4300063850","https://openalex.org/W4300909088","https://openalex.org/W4312359045","https://openalex.org/W6677932404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367313141","https://openalex.org/W4283374591","https://openalex.org/W2004086023","https://openalex.org/W2733999579","https://openalex.org/W2110217573","https://openalex.org/W2910751785","https://openalex.org/W4390100400","https://openalex.org/W4366547507","https://openalex.org/W4362512700","https://openalex.org/W2074396925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sustainable":[0],"agriculture":[1],"revolves":[2],"around":[3],"soil":[4,13,26,36,43,73,98,224],"organic":[5,27],"carbon":[6,28],"(SOC),":[7],"which":[8],"is":[9],"essential":[10],"for":[11,174,201,219,232],"numerous":[12],"functions":[14],"and":[15,23,38,44,50,86,114,128,139,182,196,214,239,249],"ecological":[16],"attributes.":[17],"Farmers":[18],"are":[19,69,76],"interested":[20],"in":[21,32],"conserving":[22],"adding":[24],"additional":[25],"to":[29,34,71,160,163],"certain":[30],"fields":[31],"order":[33],"improve":[35],"health":[37],"productivity.":[39],"The":[40,133,151,222],"relationship":[41],"between":[42],"environment":[45],"that":[46,136,234],"has":[47,54],"been":[48,131],"discovered":[49],"standardized":[51],"throughout":[52],"time":[53],"enhanced":[55],"the":[56,137,146,154,164,167,244,250],"progress":[57],"of":[58,65,97,149,153,166,247],"digital":[59],"soil-mapping":[60],"techniques;":[61],"therefore,":[62],"a":[63,100],"variety":[64],"machine":[66,82,105],"learning":[67,83,106],"techniques":[68],"used":[70],"predict":[72,95],"properties.":[74],"Studies":[75],"thriving":[77],"at":[78,90,99],"how":[79],"effectively":[80],"each":[81],"method":[84],"maps":[85,225],"predicts":[87],"SOC,":[88],"especially":[89],"high":[91],"spatial":[92],"resolutions.":[93],"To":[94],"SOC":[96,156],"30":[101],"m":[102],"resolution,":[103],"four":[104],"models\u2014Random":[107],"Forest,":[108],"Support":[109],"Vector":[110],"Machine,":[111],"Adaptive":[112],"Boosting,":[113],"k-Nearest":[115],"Neighbour":[116],"were":[117],"used.":[118,132],"For":[119],"model":[120],"evaluation,":[121],"two":[122],"error":[123],"metrics,":[124],"namely":[125],"R":[126,192,210],"2":[127,193,211],"RMSE":[129,198,216],"have":[130],"findings":[134,165],"demonstrated":[135],"calibration":[138,202,220],"validation":[140,181,207],"sets\u2019":[141],"descriptive":[142],"statistics":[143],"sufficiently":[144],"resembled":[145],"entire":[147],"set":[148],"data.":[150],"range":[152],"calculated":[155],"content":[157],"was":[158],"0.06":[159],"1.76%.":[161],"According":[162],"study,":[168],"Random":[169],"Forest":[170],"showed":[171,209],"good":[172],"results":[173],"both":[175],"cases,":[176],"i.e.,":[177],"evaluation":[178],"using":[179],"cross":[180,184,187,206],"without":[183,205],"validation.":[185],"Using":[186],"validation,":[188],"RF":[189],"confirmed":[190],"highest":[191],"as":[194,199,212,217],"0.5278":[195],"lowest":[197,215],"0.1683":[200],"dataset":[203],"while":[204],"it":[208],"0.8612":[213],"0.0912":[218],"dataset.":[221],"generated":[223],"will":[226,235],"help":[227],"farmers":[228],"adopt":[229],"precise":[230],"knowledge":[231],"decisions":[233],"increase":[236],"farm":[237],"productivity":[238],"provide":[240],"food":[241],"security":[242],"through":[243],"sustainable":[245],"use":[246],"nutrients":[248],"agricultural":[251],"environment.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
