{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164036302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578666261453608","title":"PPIGAN: Prediction of Protein\u2013Protein Interactions Using Generative Adversarial Networks","display_name":"PPIGAN: Prediction of Protein\u2013Protein Interactions Using Generative Adversarial Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164036302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578666261453608","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42261814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15578666261453608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578666261453608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78571599","display_name":"Journal of Computational Biology","issn_l":"1066-5277","issn":["1066-5277","1557-8666"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430876","display_name":"Xi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-5345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138277471","display_name":"Songyan Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songyan Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075808202","display_name":"Jing Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4076-6134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138207163","display_name":"Xiehuizhi Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiehuizhi Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138209546","display_name":"Lingwei Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingwei Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084868970","display_name":"Lvwen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-5718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lvwen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101023772","display_name":"Jiantao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-9021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-9021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101023772"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69619651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"8","first_page":"804","last_page":"816"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.8047000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.8047000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.06790000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.03180000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.7645000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.637499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5819000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.3343999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.7645000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6463000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.637499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6298999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5819000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098427","descriptor_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025941","descriptor_name":"Protein Interaction Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060066","descriptor_name":"Protein Interaction Maps","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/15578666261453608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578666261453608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78571599","display_name":"Journal of Computational Biology","issn_l":"1066-5277","issn":["1066-5277","1557-8666"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42261814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42261814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of computational biology : a journal of computational molecular cell biology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982267716","https://openalex.org/W2044523575","https://openalex.org/W2045870710","https://openalex.org/W2120770540","https://openalex.org/W2131562240","https://openalex.org/W2152705149","https://openalex.org/W2170747616","https://openalex.org/W2618265628","https://openalex.org/W2885583144","https://openalex.org/W2890911678","https://openalex.org/W2917858269","https://openalex.org/W2952253955","https://openalex.org/W2957436444","https://openalex.org/W3000374487","https://openalex.org/W3028589594","https://openalex.org/W3037216933","https://openalex.org/W3082096568","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3111995113","https://openalex.org/W3134084134","https://openalex.org/W3134174812","https://openalex.org/W3135130381","https://openalex.org/W3136918052","https://openalex.org/W3196522895","https://openalex.org/W3209369100","https://openalex.org/W4205177317","https://openalex.org/W4282943100","https://openalex.org/W4283716699","https://openalex.org/W4309686379","https://openalex.org/W4310332460","https://openalex.org/W4317702940","https://openalex.org/W4323854595","https://openalex.org/W4366464115","https://openalex.org/W4367043522","https://openalex.org/W4378628215","https://openalex.org/W4385830321","https://openalex.org/W4387865568","https://openalex.org/W4390743551","https://openalex.org/W4390793818","https://openalex.org/W4392500220","https://openalex.org/W4395663162"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"prediction":[1,30,36,44,87,107,125,162],"of":[2,14,21,28,34,42,50,61,133,159],"protein-protein":[3],"interaction":[4,100],"(PPI)":[5],"can":[6],"be":[7],"insightful":[8],"for":[9,185],"exploring":[10],"the":[11,18,26,29,35,40,47,85,103,106,115,120,131,157,175,186],"molecular":[12],"mechanisms":[13],"cellular":[15],"functions.":[16],"Constructing":[17],"negative":[19,52,63,78,92],"datasets":[20],"PPI":[22,86,161,190],"is":[23],"related":[24,188],"to":[25,98,189],"assessment":[27],"accuracy":[31,45,132],"and":[32,84,105,124,139,146,171],"evaluation":[33],"performance.":[37],"Aiming":[38],"at":[39],"problem":[41],"unstable":[43],"in":[46,141,178],"current":[48],"method":[49,60,76,136,176],"building":[51],"sets":[53,64],"using":[54],"random":[55],"sampling,":[56],"we":[57],"proposed":[58,135,177],"a":[59,67,81],"constructing":[62],"based":[65],"on":[66,144],"conditional":[68],"generative":[69,82],"adversarial":[70],"network":[71],"(CGAN),":[72],"named":[73],"PPIGAN.":[74],"This":[75],"generates":[77],"samples":[79,93,97],"through":[80],"network,":[83,169],"model":[88,108],"uses":[89],"these":[90],"generated":[91],"along":[94],"with":[95],"positive":[96],"learn":[99],"features.":[101],"Simultaneously,":[102],"generator":[104],"continuously":[109],"compete":[110],"against":[111],"each":[112],"other":[113],"during":[114],"learning":[116],"process,":[117],"which":[118],"enhances":[119],"model's":[121],"generalization":[122],"ability":[123],"accuracy.":[126],"Experimental":[127],"results":[128,151],"show":[129],"that":[130,174],"our":[134],"reaches":[137],"94.68%":[138],"98.22%":[140],"5-fold":[142],"cross-validation":[143],"yeast":[145],"human":[147],"datasets,":[148],"respectively.":[149],"These":[150],"either":[152],"surpass":[153],"or":[154],"closely":[155],"approach":[156],"performance":[158],"advanced":[160],"models":[163],"such":[164],"as":[165],"PIPR,":[166],"convolutional":[167],"neural":[168],"DeepTrio,":[170],"DeepFE,":[172],"indicating":[173],"this":[179],"article":[180],"provides":[181],"an":[182],"effective":[183],"solution":[184],"work":[187],"prediction.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T08:10:14.011955","created_date":"2026-06-10T00:00:00"}