{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128942593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147721991706","title":"An efficient routing protocol for internet of medical things focusing hot spot node problem","display_name":"An efficient routing protocol for internet of medical things focusing hot spot node problem","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128942593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147721991706","mag":"3128942593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147721991706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147721991706","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147721991706","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147721991706","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017825966","display_name":"Ghufran Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-9638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghufran Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112609605","display_name":"Danish Mehmood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36448004","display_name":"Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yfc2w21","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danish Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, SZABIST Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-6638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, SZABIST Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065037845","display_name":"Khurram Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-6385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-6385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080820575","display_name":"Rauf Ahmed Shams Malick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-4883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rauf Ahmed Shams Malick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Science, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017825966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.726,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63378431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"155014772199170","last_page":"155014772199170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7917177677154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.6790940761566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5687828660011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5247374176979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.49354541301727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4869014322757721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4680103063583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4592222571372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4249665439128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.41634005308151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.41178685426712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.333368182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2851106524467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1660231053829193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08227893710136414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7917177677154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6790940761566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5687828660011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5247374176979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.49354541301727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4869014322757721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4680103063583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4592222571372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4249665439128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.41634005308151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41178685426712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.333368182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2851106524467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1660231053829193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08227893710136414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147721991706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147721991706","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147721991706","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:17:y:2021:i:2:p:1550147721991706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147721991706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:695e1dc786094a26bcc66435b0adbcaf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/695e1dc786094a26bcc66435b0adbcaf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 17 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147721991706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147721991706","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147721991706","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W292398405","https://openalex.org/W1970802383","https://openalex.org/W1970960052","https://openalex.org/W2016037104","https://openalex.org/W2024318461","https://openalex.org/W2026676145","https://openalex.org/W2042461983","https://openalex.org/W2051756337","https://openalex.org/W2099292877","https://openalex.org/W2114116360","https://openalex.org/W2132781907","https://openalex.org/W2164789990","https://openalex.org/W2253010661","https://openalex.org/W2273113005","https://openalex.org/W2978890359","https://openalex.org/W4252010190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W2990194547","https://openalex.org/W1480123525","https://openalex.org/W2620865396","https://openalex.org/W2414054180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13],"healthcare":[1],"budget":[2],"is":[3,15,43,64,102,132,135],"increasing":[4,40],"day-by-day":[5],"as":[6],"the":[7,10,16,19,53,57,66,69,95,119,122,180],"population":[8],"of":[9,21,47,62,83,85,94,144],"world":[11],"increases.":[12],"same":[14],"case":[17],"regarding":[18],"workload":[20,36],"health":[22,91],"care":[23],"workers,":[24],"that":[25,88,109,116,179],"is,":[26],"doctors":[27],"and":[28,37,113,147,152,155,172,175],"other":[29],"practitioners.":[30],"Under":[31],"such":[32,99],"a":[33,44,60,100,128,148],"scenario":[34],"where":[35],"cost":[38],"are":[39,117,168],"drastically,":[41],"there":[42],"dire":[45],"need":[46],"integrating":[48],"recent":[49],"technological":[50],"enhancements":[51],"with":[52],"said":[54,70,187],"domain.":[55],"Since":[56],"last":[58],"decade,":[59],"lot":[61],"work":[63],"in":[65,98,121,140,186],"process":[67],"considering":[68],"integration":[71],"bringing":[72],"revolutionary":[73],"changes.":[74],"For":[75],"remote":[76,162],"monitoring,":[77],"existing":[78,184],"systems":[79],"use":[80],"different":[81,90],"types":[82],"Internet":[84,143],"things":[86,145],"devices":[87,146],"measure":[89],"parameters.":[92],"One":[93],"major":[96],"problems":[97],"system":[101],"to":[103,137,161],"find":[104],"an":[105],"optimum":[106],"routing":[107,130],"approach":[108],"can":[110],"resolve":[111],"energy":[112,153,170],"thermal":[114,151,173],"issues":[115],"taking":[118],"limelight":[120],"research":[123],"arena.":[124],"In":[125],"this":[126],"article,":[127],"dynamic":[129],"technique":[131],"proposed":[133,181],"which":[134],"keen":[136],"connect":[138],"multiple":[139],"vivo/ex":[141],"vivo":[142],"sink":[149,160],"(focusing":[150],"problem)":[154],"then":[156],"forwarding":[157],"data":[158],"from":[159],"location":[163],"for":[164],"monitoring.":[165],"Performance":[166],"parameters":[167],"kept":[169],"efficiency":[171],"awareness":[174],"analytical":[176],"results":[177],"show":[178],"protocol":[182],"supersedes":[183],"approaches":[185],"metrics.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}