{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206841445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211067743","title":"Secure performance analysis and pilot spoofing attack detection in cell-free massive MIMO systems with finite-resolution ADCs","display_name":"Secure performance analysis and pilot spoofing attack detection in cell-free massive MIMO systems with finite-resolution ADCs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206841445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211067743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211067743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211067743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211067743","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101574470","display_name":"Xianyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2037-0231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 63rd Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2037-0231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 63rd Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003030833","display_name":"Xiaoqiang Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-1739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqiang Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 63rd Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 63rd Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075757468","display_name":"Tao Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0544-5351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 63rd Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 63rd Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603588","display_name":"Kang An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-0635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang An","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 63rd Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 63rd Research Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003030833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.5987,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60247314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"155014772110677","last_page":"155014772110677"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7993319034576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.7283854484558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.7117331027984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.5599960684776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5578441023826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.5276826024055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.4863434433937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4683394432067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41008129715919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2563735842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21626490354537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1818612515926361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.15663328766822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12774428725242615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7993319034576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.7283854484558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.7117331027984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.5599960684776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5578441023826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.5276826024055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.4863434433937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4683394432067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41008129715919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2563735842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21626490354537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1818612515926361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.15663328766822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12774428725242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211067743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211067743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:18:y:2022:i:1:p:15501477211067743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15501477211067743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:beadfcb82cdf4fdd9712bed6897bbeb0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/beadfcb82cdf4fdd9712bed6897bbeb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 18 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211067743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211067743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G242655146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021MD703980","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2781037415","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W751677133","https://openalex.org/W1610774026","https://openalex.org/W1733425272","https://openalex.org/W2057565382","https://openalex.org/W2096171043","https://openalex.org/W2103063389","https://openalex.org/W2123226256","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2171066806","https://openalex.org/W2238937638","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2288807502","https://openalex.org/W2293366823","https://openalex.org/W2523426484","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2626716101","https://openalex.org/W2792412801","https://openalex.org/W2799812926","https://openalex.org/W2804569649","https://openalex.org/W2895737648","https://openalex.org/W2898641569","https://openalex.org/W2922809979","https://openalex.org/W2932965834","https://openalex.org/W2951631940","https://openalex.org/W2962123958","https://openalex.org/W2963674318","https://openalex.org/W2963993392","https://openalex.org/W2969445624","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W2978890359","https://openalex.org/W2981306253","https://openalex.org/W2992025741","https://openalex.org/W3011552097","https://openalex.org/W3022877129","https://openalex.org/W3033429808","https://openalex.org/W3101985270","https://openalex.org/W3138414123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W2016567611","https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2493929861","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W2475541339","https://openalex.org/W3128793638","https://openalex.org/W2607818178","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2021230337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,27],"article,":[2,28],"the":[3,19,29,33,38,41,51,60,63,84,89,94,101,105,137,140,171,176,186,189],"secure":[4,45],"communication":[5],"in":[6,18,26],"cell-free":[7],"massive":[8],"multiple-input":[9],"multiple-output":[10],"system":[11,182],"with":[12,120],"low-resolution":[13,64],"analog-to-digital":[14,34,65,86,123],"converters":[15,124],"is":[16,48,56,78,117,154,195],"investigated":[17],"presence":[20],"of":[21,40,62,128,139,178,188],"an":[22,144],"active":[23,145,191],"eavesdropper.":[24],"Specifically,":[25],"deterioration":[30],"caused":[31,82],"by":[32,83],"converter":[35],"imperfections":[36],"on":[37,150,181],"accuracy":[39],"channel":[42,72],"estimation":[43,73],"and":[44,100,132,174],"transmission":[46],"performance":[47],"studied.":[49],"Besides,":[50],"additive":[52],"quantization":[53,125],"noise":[54],"model":[55],"utilized":[57],"to":[58,104,122,169],"analyze":[59,175],"impacts":[61,138,177],"converters.":[66,87],"The":[67],"minimum":[68],"mean":[69],"square":[70],"error":[71],"results":[74,166,173],"show":[75],"that":[76],"there":[77],"a":[79],"nonzero":[80],"floor":[81],"coarse":[85],"Then,":[88],"closed-form":[90],"expressions":[91],"for":[92],"both":[93],"legitimate":[95],"users":[96],"achievable":[97],"ergodic":[98,113],"rate":[99,115],"information":[102],"leakage":[103],"eavesdropper":[106],"are":[107,167],"derived,":[108],"respectively.":[109],"Moreover,":[110],"tight":[111],"approximated":[112],"secrecy":[114,183],"expression":[116],"also":[118],"presented":[119],"respect":[121],"bits,":[126],"number":[127],"antennas,":[129],"pilot":[130,141],"power,":[131],"so":[133],"on.":[134],"To":[135],"degrade":[136],"spoofing":[142],"attack,":[143],"attack":[146],"detection":[147,193],"approach":[148],"based":[149],"random":[151],"matrix":[152],"theory":[153],"proposed":[155,190],"which":[156],"can":[157],"only":[158],"be":[159],"operated":[160],"at":[161],"one":[162],"access":[163],"point.":[164],"Simulation":[165],"provided":[168],"corroborate":[170],"obtained":[172],"various":[179],"parameters":[180],"performance.":[184],"Also,":[185],"superiority":[187],"attacks":[192],"method":[194],"confirmed":[196],"via":[197],"simulation":[198],"results.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}