{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220742600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211064755","title":"Second-degree branch structure blockchain expansion model","display_name":"Second-degree branch structure blockchain expansion model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220742600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211064755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211064755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211064755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211064755","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021355257","display_name":"Liu Qiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0046-7001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0046-7001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101780739","display_name":"Baoyan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-578X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoyan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071497115","display_name":"Junlu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5966-335X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junlu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071497115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.6288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72096242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"155014772110647","last_page":"155014772110647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8231089115142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.6015930771827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5667054653167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4975486099720001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4590401351451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35145431756973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3233448565006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10770988464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08851486444473267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8231089115142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.6015930771827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5667054653167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4975486099720001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4590401351451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35145431756973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3233448565006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10770988464355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08851486444473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211064755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211064755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:18:y:2022:i:3:p:15501477211064755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15501477211064755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d00d24af630747418c90ab27cc64a740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d00d24af630747418c90ab27cc64a740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 18 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211064755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211064755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4545323467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61502215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5167679070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51704138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737816439","https://openalex.org/W2889389858","https://openalex.org/W2904826464","https://openalex.org/W2907723680","https://openalex.org/W2927143629","https://openalex.org/W2956869838","https://openalex.org/W2963519866","https://openalex.org/W2996726578","https://openalex.org/W3003303706","https://openalex.org/W3006437988","https://openalex.org/W3013086454","https://openalex.org/W3015964353","https://openalex.org/W3081955103","https://openalex.org/W3088400155","https://openalex.org/W3091207531","https://openalex.org/W3124043402","https://openalex.org/W4241125151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2390561196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114],"blockchain":[1,71],"runs":[2],"in":[3,26,101,185,191],"a":[4,67,75,107,122,128,134,150],"complex":[5],"topological":[6],"network":[7,57,196],"which":[8,30],"is":[9,79,112,138,155],"affected":[10],"by":[11],"the":[12,27,32,37,40,50,83,104,142,159,163,167,170,178],"principle":[13],"of":[14,52,85,152,162,169],"consensus,":[15],"and":[16,55,91,95,99,121,127,144,195],"data":[17,33,96,192],"storage":[18,34,77,193],"between":[19,43,103,146],"nodes":[20],"needs":[21],"to":[22,49,61,140,157,165],"maintain":[23],"global":[24],"consistency":[25],"entire":[28],"network,":[29],"causes":[31],"inefficient.":[35],"At":[36],"same":[38],"time,":[39],"information":[41],"exchange":[42],"large-scale":[44],"communication":[45],"node":[46],"groups":[47],"leads":[48],"problems":[51],"bandwidth":[53],"expropriation":[54],"excessive":[56],"load.":[58,197],"In":[59],"response":[60],"these":[62],"problems,":[63],"this":[64,186],"article":[65,187],"proposes":[66],"second-degree":[68,108,171,179],"branch":[69,109,172,180],"structure":[70,78,126,131,181],"expansion":[72,182],"model.":[73,174],"First,":[74],"ternary":[76],"established.":[80],"Data":[81],"use":[82],"way":[84],"fully":[86,92],"integrated":[87],"storage,":[88,90,94],"multi-cell":[89],"split":[93],"are":[97,132],"classified":[98],"stored":[100],"parallel":[102],"structures.":[105,148],"Second,":[106],"chain":[110,116,125,130,147,173],"model":[111,183],"constructed.":[113],"main":[115],"forks":[117],"into":[118],"multiple":[119],"sub-chains,":[120],"free":[123],"competition":[124],"Z-type":[129],"defined;":[133],"two-way":[135],"rotation":[136],"mechanism":[137],"introduced":[139],"realize":[141,158],"integration":[143],"transition":[145],"Finally,":[149],"set":[151],"malicious":[153],"attacks":[154],"simulated":[156],"security":[160,168],"constraints":[161],"blockchain,":[164],"verify":[166],"Experiment":[175],"shows":[176],"that":[177],"proposed":[184],"has":[188],"great":[189],"advantages":[190],"efficiency":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
