{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175947748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211023021","title":"Meta-heuristic-based offloading task optimization in mobile edge computing","display_name":"Meta-heuristic-based offloading task optimization in mobile edge computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175947748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211023021","mag":"3175947748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211023021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211023021","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15501477211023021","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15501477211023021","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102408525","display_name":"Aamir Abbas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101755254","display_name":"Ali Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6988-1211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058076434","display_name":"Farhan Aadil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farhan Aadil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-2154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020654281","display_name":"Muazzam Maqsood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-0849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muazzam Maqsood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058076434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":2.3376,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88146647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"155014772110230","last_page":"155014772110230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9661999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9111733436584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.7805009484291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.7500169277191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5994613170623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.545531153678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5207278728485107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5049281716346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.49712756276130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4606788754463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4161243140697479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.41361546516418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1888478696346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13360187411308289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9111733436584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7805009484291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.7500169277191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5994613170623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.545531153678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5207278728485107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5049281716346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49712756276130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4606788754463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4161243140697479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.41361546516418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1888478696346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13360187411308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211023021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211023021","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15501477211023021","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:17:y:2021:i:6:p:15501477211023021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15501477211023021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:261d4ac14ac745a29de93987baec3542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/261d4ac14ac745a29de93987baec3542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 17 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211023021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211023021","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15501477211023021","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143488688","https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2593769694","https://openalex.org/W2619310525","https://openalex.org/W2748896792","https://openalex.org/W2785821779","https://openalex.org/W2792526074","https://openalex.org/W2793643983","https://openalex.org/W2809740924","https://openalex.org/W2891123429","https://openalex.org/W2899852843","https://openalex.org/W2909314133","https://openalex.org/W2975600444","https://openalex.org/W3012038460","https://openalex.org/W3018740610","https://openalex.org/W3081088023","https://openalex.org/W3092345285","https://openalex.org/W3105199275","https://openalex.org/W3113406384","https://openalex.org/W3151647019","https://openalex.org/W4402030130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W3014317926","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,154,206,229,256],"recent":[2],"advancements":[3],"in":[4,98,258],"communication":[5],"technologies,":[6],"realization":[8],"of":[9,43,88,106,171,192,260,271],"computation-intensive":[10],"applications":[11,27],"like":[12],"virtual/augmented":[13],"reality,":[14],"face":[15],"recognition,":[16],"and":[17,34,41,48,76,109,157,184,218,233,264],"real-time":[18,32],"video":[19],"processing":[20],"becomes":[21],"possible":[22],"at":[23,205,222],"mobile":[24,39,70,84],"devices.":[25],"These":[26],"require":[28],"intensive":[29,54],"computations":[30],"for":[31,78,149],"decision-making":[33],"better":[35],"user":[36],"experience.":[37],"However,":[38,103],"devices":[40,58,90,108],"Internet":[42,87,105],"things":[44,89,107],"have":[45,145],"limited":[46],"energy":[47,67,135,158,232,262],"computational":[49],"power.":[50],"Executing":[51,202],"such":[52,152],"computationally":[53],"tasks":[55,93,150,173,204],"on":[56,116],"edge":[57,71,85,95,110,131],"either":[59],"leads":[60,215],"to":[61,94,138,144,196,209,216,242],"high":[62,66,211],"computation":[63],"latency":[64,221,266],"or":[65],"consumption.":[68],"Recently,":[69],"computing":[72],"has":[73],"been":[74],"evolved":[75],"used":[77],"offloading":[79,151,172,272],"these":[80,193],"complex":[81],"tasks.":[82,273],"In":[83,163],"computing,":[86],"send":[91],"their":[92],"servers,":[96],"which":[97],"turn":[99],"perform":[100],"fast":[101],"computation.":[102,224],"many":[104],"server":[111,132,207],"put":[112,219],"an":[113,130,146,168],"upper":[114],"limit":[115],"concurrent":[117],"task":[118,126,223],"execution.":[119],"Moreover,":[120],"executing":[121],"a":[122],"very":[123],"small":[124],"size":[125],"(1":[127],"KB)":[128],"over":[129],"causes":[133],"increased":[134],"consumption":[136,159,263],"due":[137],"communication.":[139],"Therefore,":[140],"it":[141],"is":[142],"required":[143],"optimal":[147,169,269],"selection":[148,170],"that":[153,214,251],"response":[155,212],"time":[156,213],"will":[160],"become":[161],"minimum.":[162],"this":[164],"article,":[165],"we":[166],"proposed":[167],"using":[174,189,245],"well-known":[175],"metaheuristics,":[176],"ant":[177],"colony":[178],"optimization":[179,182,187,254],"algorithm,":[180,183],"whale":[181],"Grey":[185,252],"wolf":[186,253],"algorithm":[188],"variant":[190],"design":[191],"algorithms":[194],"according":[195],"our":[197],"problem":[198],"through":[199],"mathematical":[200],"modeling.":[201],"multiple":[203],"tends":[208],"provide":[210],"overloading":[217],"additional":[220],"We":[225],"also":[226],"graphically":[227],"represent":[228],"tradeoff":[230],"between":[231],"delay":[234],"that,":[235],"how":[236],"both":[237],"parameters":[238],"are":[239],"inversely":[240],"proportional":[241],"each":[243],"other,":[244],"values":[246],"from":[247],"simulation.":[248],"Results":[249],"show":[250],"outperforms":[255],"others":[257],"terms":[259],"optimizing":[261],"execution":[265],"while":[267],"selected":[268],"set":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
