{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3141968773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211007407","title":"Identification of cucumber leaf diseases using deep learning and small sample size for agricultural Internet of Things","display_name":"Identification of cucumber leaf diseases using deep learning and small sample size for agricultural Internet of Things","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3141968773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211007407","mag":"3141968773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211007407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211007407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211007407","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010319647","display_name":"Jingyao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8778-4922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003835661","display_name":"Yuan Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4386-2490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4386-2490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110753735","display_name":"Chao Man","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Man","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101488005","display_name":"Zhaohui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-987X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103075590","display_name":"Shaowen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-9297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaowen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003835661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":12.9382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98875146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"155014772110074","last_page":"155014772110074"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9453999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8267079591751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6797934770584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6753097772598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powdery-mildew","display_name":"Powdery mildew","score":0.6721282601356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6279935240745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5372735261917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5028790831565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.46791890263557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43599581718444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4358679950237274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43216472864151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.42624837160110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3578506112098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.11823347210884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09177649021148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.08370822668075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08040177822113037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8267079591751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6797934770584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6753097772598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779336322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934008","display_name":"Powdery mildew","level":2,"score":0.6721282601356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6279935240745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5372735261917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5028790831565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.46791890263557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43599581718444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4358679950237274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43216472864151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.42624837160110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3578506112098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.11823347210884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09177649021148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.08370822668075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08040177822113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211007407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211007407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:17:y:2021:i:4:p:15501477211007407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15501477211007407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b61dc5849ac2469b8d6b7e1278c012ca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b61dc5849ac2469b8d6b7e1278c012ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 17 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15501477211007407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15501477211007407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3096347323","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1804a07020108, 201904a06020056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336578","funder_display_name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4790243540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJ2019ZD20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335406","funder_display_name":"University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335406","display_name":"University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336578","display_name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071511186","https://openalex.org/W2413122674","https://openalex.org/W2599933295","https://openalex.org/W2612844455","https://openalex.org/W2753403518","https://openalex.org/W2769636271","https://openalex.org/W2770131355","https://openalex.org/W2798724621","https://openalex.org/W2891667148","https://openalex.org/W2897350321","https://openalex.org/W2907017276","https://openalex.org/W2909494862","https://openalex.org/W2917692483","https://openalex.org/W2921353139","https://openalex.org/W2927613875","https://openalex.org/W2939921620","https://openalex.org/W2943036395","https://openalex.org/W2947405231","https://openalex.org/W2954934222","https://openalex.org/W2974769261","https://openalex.org/W2975915077","https://openalex.org/W2990258240","https://openalex.org/W2996289226","https://openalex.org/W3000676390","https://openalex.org/W3007777425","https://openalex.org/W3009836443","https://openalex.org/W3015562698","https://openalex.org/W3017652057","https://openalex.org/W3048534840","https://openalex.org/W3111506096","https://openalex.org/W4240362870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387681956","https://openalex.org/W1586695295","https://openalex.org/W3210714768","https://openalex.org/W2372231533","https://openalex.org/W3006778061","https://openalex.org/W2370115899","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,11,69,103,109],"the":[2,27,54,71,76,88,94,111,130,138,142,153],"complex":[3],"environments":[4],"in":[5],"real":[6],"fields,":[7],"it":[8,182],"is":[9],"challenging":[10],"conduct":[12],"identification":[13,112,144],"modeling":[14],"and":[15,45,86,121,148,158,172],"diagnosis":[16],"of":[17,29,32,56,114,146,156,168,186,190,193],"plant":[18],"leaf":[19,58,116,162],"diseases":[20,59,167],"by":[21,74],"directly":[22],"utilizing":[23],"in-situ":[24],"images":[25,73,90,163],"from":[26,79],"system":[28],"agricultural":[30,191],"Internet":[31,192],"things.":[33,194],"To":[34],"overcome":[35],"this":[36],"shortcoming,":[37],"one":[38],"approach,":[39],"based":[40],"on":[41,152],"small":[42],"sample":[43],"size":[44],"deep":[46],"convolutional":[47,123],"neural":[48,124],"network,":[49],"was":[50,67,127],"proposed":[51,119,139],"for":[52,100],"conducting":[53],"recognition":[55],"cucumber":[57,80,115],"under":[60],"field":[61,160,188],"conditions.":[62],"One":[63],"two-stage":[64],"segmentation":[65],"method":[66],"presented":[68],"acquire":[70],"lesion":[72,89,157],"extracting":[75],"disease":[77],"spots":[78],"leaves.":[81],"Subsequently,":[82],"after":[83],"implementing":[84],"rotation":[85],"translation,":[87],"were":[91],"fed":[92],"into":[93],"activation":[95],"reconstruction":[96],"generative":[97],"adversarial":[98],"networks":[99],"data":[101,154],"augmentation":[102],"generate":[104],"new":[105],"training":[106,132],"samples.":[107,133],"Finally,":[108],"improve":[110],"accuracy":[113,145],"diseases,":[117],"we":[118],"dilated":[120],"inception":[122],"network":[125],"that":[126,137,181],"trained":[128],"using":[129],"generated":[131],"Experimental":[134],"results":[135],"showed":[136],"approach":[140],"achieved":[141],"average":[143],"96.11%":[147],"90.67%":[149],"when":[150],"implemented":[151],"sets":[155],"raw":[159],"diseased":[161],"with":[164],"three":[165],"different":[166],"anthracnose,":[169],"downy":[170],"mildew,":[171,174],"powdery":[173],"significantly":[175],"outperforming":[176],"those":[177],"existing":[178],"counterparts,":[179],"indicating":[180],"offered":[183],"good":[184],"potential":[185],"serving":[187],"application":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}