{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087263595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720958305","title":"Adaptive hop-by-hop cone vector-based forwarding protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks","display_name":"Adaptive hop-by-hop cone vector-based forwarding protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087263595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720958305","mag":"3087263595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147720958305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720958305","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147720958305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147720958305","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032911527","display_name":"Imran Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-4844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-4844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109457945","display_name":"Mazhar Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazhar Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103200818","display_name":"Muhammad Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1812-3300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024138600","display_name":"Abdul Baseer Qazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-1612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Baseer Qazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014269950","display_name":"Sadeeq Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-8507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadeeq Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274","https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103229182","display_name":"Ihsan Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-4268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ihsan Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-4268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041969175","display_name":"Zahid Farid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-2767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53831458","display_name":"Abasyn University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ws11813","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53831458"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahid Farid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53831458"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003359351","display_name":"Zahid Wadud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7118-6496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahid Wadud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032911527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":3.4398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92019089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"155014772095830","last_page":"155014772095830"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8127155303955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6839457750320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forwarder","display_name":"Forwarder","score":0.6838672757148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-forwarding","display_name":"Packet forwarding","score":0.6833953261375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5480383634567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5221050977706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.49324458837509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.4751983880996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hop","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","score":0.4528135657310486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8127155303955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6839457750320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781363737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616007","display_name":"Forwarder","level":2,"score":0.6838672757148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874048","display_name":"Packet forwarding","level":3,"score":0.6833953261375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5480383634567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5221050977706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.49324458837509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.4751983880996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4528135657310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147720958305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720958305","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147720958305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:16:y:2020:i:9:p:1550147720958305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147720958305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c20c9c1206eb47cba87887526c39eb13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c20c9c1206eb47cba87887526c39eb13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 16 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147720958305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720958305","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147720958305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3479767116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No: HEUCFG201712/3072019CFJ0518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321939","funder_display_name":"Harbin Engineering University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321939","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585123302","https://openalex.org/W1834771425","https://openalex.org/W1906577849","https://openalex.org/W1981118980","https://openalex.org/W1983573872","https://openalex.org/W2079064954","https://openalex.org/W2093125009","https://openalex.org/W2108865370","https://openalex.org/W2129879516","https://openalex.org/W2130509337","https://openalex.org/W2149472588","https://openalex.org/W2161437547","https://openalex.org/W2532019307","https://openalex.org/W2548987566","https://openalex.org/W2579542163","https://openalex.org/W2605311775","https://openalex.org/W2738622204","https://openalex.org/W2759817332","https://openalex.org/W2801922980","https://openalex.org/W2912986746","https://openalex.org/W2942438615","https://openalex.org/W2958573942","https://openalex.org/W2971600193","https://openalex.org/W2992719554","https://openalex.org/W2995025488","https://openalex.org/W2999392258","https://openalex.org/W3022319642","https://openalex.org/W4211090415","https://openalex.org/W4220888588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2342160532","https://openalex.org/W1575605189","https://openalex.org/W2540605558","https://openalex.org/W2532071978","https://openalex.org/W2081177521","https://openalex.org/W2546801067","https://openalex.org/W4366308986","https://openalex.org/W2002982772","https://openalex.org/W4297911469","https://openalex.org/W2047684774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,11,60,68,87,102,111,115,119,135,145,155,160,164,170,173],"recent":[2],"past,":[3],"a":[4,140],"significant":[5],"increase":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"observed":[9],"in":[10,80,105],"use":[12],"of":[13,67,94,114,124,134,159,172],"underwater":[14,22,48,62],"wireless":[15,23,49],"sensor":[16,24,50,107],"networks":[17,25,51],"for":[18,47,144],"aquatic":[19],"applications.":[20],"However,":[21],"face":[26],"several":[27],"challenges":[28],"including":[29],"large":[30],"propagation":[31],"delays,":[32],"high":[33],"mobility,":[34],"limited":[35],"bandwidth,":[36],"three-dimensional":[37],"deployments,":[38],"expensive":[39],"manufacturing,":[40],"and":[41,127,139,157,184],"energy":[42,180],"constraints.":[43],"It":[44],"is":[45,78,84,130],"crucial":[46],"to":[52,118,167],"mitigate":[53],"all":[54],"these":[55],"limitations":[56],"primarily":[57],"caused":[58],"by":[59,109],"harsh":[61],"environment.":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"some":[66],"pertinent":[69],"challenges,":[70],"adaptive":[71,88,95],"hop-by-hop":[72,89,96],"cone":[73,97,116,161],"vector-based":[74,90,98],"forwarding":[75,99],"routing":[76,151],"protocol":[77,152],"proposed":[79,150],"this":[81,176],"article":[82],"which":[83],"based":[85,162],"on":[86,163],"forwarding.":[91],"The":[92,122,149],"novelty":[93],"includes":[100],"increasing":[101],"transmission":[103],"reliability":[104],"sparse":[106],"regions":[108],"changing":[110],"base":[112,137],"angle":[113,138],"according":[117],"network":[120,165],"structure.":[121],"number":[123],"duplicate":[125],"packets":[126],"end-to-end":[128,182],"delay":[129],"also":[131],"reduced":[132,136],"because":[133],"smart":[141],"selection":[142],"criterion":[143],"potential":[146],"forwarder":[147],"node.":[148],"adaptively":[153],"tunes":[154],"height":[156],"opening":[158],"structure":[166],"effectively":[168],"improve":[169],"performance":[171],"network.":[174],"Conclusively,":[175],"approach":[177],"significantly":[178],"reduces":[179],"tax,":[181],"delay,":[183],"packet":[185],"delivery":[186],"ratio.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
