{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972776507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719874180","title":"Fast implementations of ARX-based lightweight block ciphers (SPARX, CHAM) on 32-bit processor","display_name":"Fast implementations of ARX-based lightweight block ciphers (SPARX, CHAM) on 32-bit processor","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972776507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719874180","mag":"2972776507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147719874180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719874180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719874180","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071614200","display_name":"Byoungjin Seok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8130-5011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byoungjin Seok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science &amp; Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8130-5011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science &amp; Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100683433","display_name":"Changhoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-5792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changhoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science &amp; Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science &amp; Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100683433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":1.1826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8474294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"155014771987418","last_page":"155014771987418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8971314430236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.7417589426040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-size","display_name":"Block size","score":0.6412177085876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.5406782627105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5281885862350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-schedule","display_name":"Key schedule","score":0.5279316902160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.46359437704086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitwise-operation","display_name":"Bitwise operation","score":0.4494849145412445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.43716001510620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.37409263849258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3696756958961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3664858937263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3560715615749359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","score":0.3385812044143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.26494577527046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2550166845321655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8971314430236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.7417589426040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41431624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053357","display_name":"Block size","level":3,"score":0.6412177085876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.5406782627105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5281885862350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112145980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2569509","display_name":"Key schedule","level":5,"score":0.5279316902160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.46359437704086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134765980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879126","display_name":"Bitwise operation","level":2,"score":0.4494849145412445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.43716001510620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.37409263849258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3696756958961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3664858937263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3560715615749359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36123800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224471","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","level":4,"score":0.3385812044143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.26494577527046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2550166845321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147719874180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719874180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:15:y:2019:i:9:p:1550147719874180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147719874180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f12cb4868945495bac43f92c05cb2ac6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f12cb4868945495bac43f92c05cb2ac6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 15 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147719874180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719874180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G668190490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD170109ED","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","funder_display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343874908","https://openalex.org/W2915053247","https://openalex.org/W4205449645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156908834","https://openalex.org/W2027151447","https://openalex.org/W2585018408","https://openalex.org/W1539170589","https://openalex.org/W1565705707","https://openalex.org/W1920865994","https://openalex.org/W2788613111","https://openalex.org/W2298331565","https://openalex.org/W2134038088","https://openalex.org/W2176792445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"many":[1],"lightweight":[2],"block":[3,48,81],"ciphers":[4,20],"are":[5,21,133],"proposed,":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8],"PRESENT,":[9],"SIMON,":[10],"SPECK,":[11],"Simeck,":[12],"SPARX,":[13],"GIFT,":[14],"and":[15,91,93,130,137,141,143],"CHAM.":[16],"Most":[17],"of":[18,46,56,67,99,120,127],"these":[19],"designed":[22],"with":[23],"Addition\u2013Rotation\u2013Xor":[24],"(ARX)-based":[25],"structure":[26],"for":[27,79,139,145],"the":[28,43,53,57,65,95],"resource-constrained":[29],"environment":[30],"because":[31],"ARX":[32],"operations":[33],"can":[34],"be":[35],"implemented":[36],"efficiently,":[37],"especially":[38],"in":[39,64,97,122],"software.":[40],"However,":[41],"if":[42],"word":[44],"size":[45,55],"a":[47,75,106,113,117],"cipher":[49],"is":[50],"smaller":[51],"than":[52],"register":[54],"target":[58],"device,":[59],"it":[60],"may":[61],"process":[62],"inefficiently":[63],"aspect":[66],"memory":[68],"usage.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"article,":[72],"we":[73,88,115],"present":[74],"fast":[76],"implementation":[77],"method":[78],"ARX-based":[80],"ciphers,":[82],"named":[83],"two-way":[84],"operation.":[85],"Moreover,":[86],"also":[87],"applied":[89],"SPARX-64/128":[90,140],"CHAM-64/128":[92],"estimated":[94],"performance":[96],"terms":[98],"execution":[100,123],"time":[101],"(cycles":[102],"per":[103],"byte)":[104],"on":[105],"32-bit":[107],"Advanced":[108],"RISC":[109],"Machines":[110],"processor.":[111],"As":[112],"result,":[114],"achieved":[116],"large":[118],"amount":[119],"improvement":[121],"time.":[124],"The":[125],"cycles":[126],"round":[128],"function":[129],"key":[131],"schedule":[132],"reduced":[134],"by":[135],"53.31%":[136],"31.51%":[138],"41.22%":[142],"19.40%":[144],"CHAM-64/128.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
