{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2951194311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719846052","title":"Semi-supervised tri-Adaboost algorithm for network intrusion detection","display_name":"Semi-supervised tri-Adaboost algorithm for network intrusion detection","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2951194311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719846052","mag":"2951194311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147719846052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719846052","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147719846052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147719846052","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034831625","display_name":"Yali Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-9929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yali Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Mobility Research Group, Chair of Information Management, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Telematics Group, Institute of Computer Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-9929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Mobility Research Group, Chair of Information Management, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telematics Group, Institute of Computer Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109476196","display_name":"Liuwei Huo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuwei Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032004495","display_name":"Yachao Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7498-002X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yachao Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Mobility Research Group, Chair of Information Management, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Telematics Group, Institute of Computer Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Mobility Research Group, Chair of Information Management, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telematics Group, Institute of Computer Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101687092","display_name":"Zhixiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-1579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Telematics Group, Institute of Computer Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-1579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telematics Group, Institute of Computer Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101687092"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919","https://openalex.org/I74656192","https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":3.1599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92403553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"155014771984605","last_page":"155014771984605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8873916864395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.7841110229492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.6661670207977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6525298953056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5104159712791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4766077399253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46528616547584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"False positive rate","score":0.4598051607608795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4568834900856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.43618106842041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.4355483949184418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42086875438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4020596146583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.08532905578613281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8873916864395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.7841110229492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.6661670207977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6525298953056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5104159712791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4766077399253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46528616547584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.4598051607608795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4568834900856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.43618106842041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.4355483949184418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42086875438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4020596146583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.08532905578613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147719846052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719846052","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147719846052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:15:y:2019:i:6:p:1550147719846052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147719846052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4abc3395c37945bf8ab3986b745b9875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4abc3395c37945bf8ab3986b745b9875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 15 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/77369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/77369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401634","display_name":"GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122495","host_organization_name":"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal_article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147719846052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719846052","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147719846052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2732193387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201706050095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4746952819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.16JS080,No.18JK1216, SGH18H466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5143455633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201608615074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7744406857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7987947441","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u89c6\u9891\u68c0\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8778566637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16YJCZH109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2951194311.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516506771","https://openalex.org/W1984545377","https://openalex.org/W2025806549","https://openalex.org/W2052387539","https://openalex.org/W2105269714","https://openalex.org/W2132166479","https://openalex.org/W2160598920","https://openalex.org/W2342408547","https://openalex.org/W2346714907","https://openalex.org/W2474414057","https://openalex.org/W2507351359","https://openalex.org/W2552899443","https://openalex.org/W2912327636","https://openalex.org/W2944210580","https://openalex.org/W2959792658","https://openalex.org/W3141232563","https://openalex.org/W4210997624","https://openalex.org/W4240527038","https://openalex.org/W4244952642","https://openalex.org/W4302039983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393267898","https://openalex.org/W4205383432","https://openalex.org/W2369874171","https://openalex.org/W2013909972","https://openalex.org/W2104955141","https://openalex.org/W2383301100","https://openalex.org/W2619636815","https://openalex.org/W2392864074","https://openalex.org/W2280598164","https://openalex.org/W2352639800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"intrusion":[1],"detection":[2,172],"is":[3,27,61,124],"a":[4,22,102,108,114,143,158,163,170],"relatively":[5],"mature":[6],"research":[7],"topic,":[8],"but":[9],"one":[10],"that":[11,94],"remains":[12],"challenging":[13],"particular":[14],"as":[15,38],"technologies":[16],"and":[17,45,69,82,89,113,126,162],"threat":[18],"landscape":[19],"evolve.":[20],"Here,":[21],"semi-supervised":[23],"tri-Adaboost":[24],"(STA)":[25],"algorithm":[26,122,134,156],"proposed.":[28],"In":[29,56],"the":[30,39,49,53,58,65,86,91,150],"algorithm,":[31],"three":[32],"different":[33,80,129],"Adaboost":[34],"algorithms":[35],"are":[36],"used":[37,62],"weak":[40],"classifiers":[41],"(both":[42],"for":[43],"continuous":[44],"categorical":[46],"data),":[47],"constituting":[48],"decision":[50],"stumps":[51],"in":[52,85,149],"tri-training":[54],"method.":[55],"addition,":[57],"chi-square":[59],"method":[60],"to":[63],"reduce":[64],"dimension":[66],"of":[67,107,111,117,146],"feature":[68],"improve":[70],"computational":[71],"efficiency.":[72],"We":[73],"then":[74],"conduct":[75],"extensive":[76],"numerical":[77],"studies":[78],"using":[79,101],"training":[81,103,151],"testing":[83],"samples":[84],"KDDcup99":[87],"dataset":[88,104],"discover":[90],"flows":[92],"demonstrated":[93],"(1)":[95],"high":[96],"accuracy":[97],"can":[98],"be":[99],"obtained":[100],"which":[105],"consists":[106],"small":[109,144],"number":[110,116],"labeled":[112,147],"large":[115],"unlabeled":[118],"samples.":[119],"(2)":[120],"The":[121,132,154],"proposed":[123,133,155],"reproducible":[125],"consistent":[127],"over":[128],"runs.":[130],"(3)":[131],"outperforms":[135],"other":[136],"existing":[137],"learning":[138],"algorithms,":[139],"even":[140],"with":[141],"only":[142],"amount":[145],"data":[148],"phase.":[152],"(4)":[153],"has":[157],"short":[159],"execution":[160],"time":[161],"low":[164],"false":[165],"positive":[166],"rate,":[167],"while":[168],"providing":[169],"desirable":[171],"rate.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}