{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2915584539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719833629","title":"Individual cylinder air\u2013fuel ratio estimation and control for a large-bore gas fuel engine","display_name":"Individual cylinder air\u2013fuel ratio estimation and control for a large-bore gas fuel engine","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2915584539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719833629","mag":"2915584539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147719833629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719833629","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147719833629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147719833629","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101521050","display_name":"Tianbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-7703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144214","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jabhf80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144214"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-7703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110361984","display_name":"Siqin Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siqin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100601806","display_name":"Liang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-0174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101800895","display_name":"Jianhui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-0937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049985307","display_name":"Yaxuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9771-0786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110361984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.5611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57087815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"155014771983362","last_page":"155014771983362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inlet-manifold","display_name":"Inlet manifold","score":0.7705925703048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-injection","display_name":"Fuel injection","score":0.634088933467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6331668496131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaust-gas-recirculation","display_name":"Exhaust gas recirculation","score":0.6035345792770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cylinder","display_name":"Cylinder","score":0.5807166695594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-combustion-engine","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","score":0.5505490899085999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air\u2013fuel-ratio","display_name":"Air\u2013fuel ratio","score":0.5119903683662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaust-gas","display_name":"Exhaust gas","score":0.5059725642204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion","display_name":"Combustion","score":0.482328861951828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-air-injection","display_name":"Secondary air injection","score":0.4805365204811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4533412754535675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petrol-engine","display_name":"Petrol engine","score":0.41035863757133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3672720789909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.23400384187698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20045879483222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.13260427117347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.09656789898872375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3531765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568968","display_name":"Inlet manifold","level":3,"score":0.7705925703048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9526370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308881","display_name":"Fuel injection","level":2,"score":0.634088933467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6331668496131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103206924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285028","display_name":"Exhaust gas recirculation","level":3,"score":0.6035345792770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203311528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132","display_name":"Cylinder","level":2,"score":0.5807166695594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511840579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12757","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","level":2,"score":0.5505490899085999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775956859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178895","display_name":"Air\u2013fuel ratio","level":3,"score":0.5119903683662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779139147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320173","display_name":"Exhaust gas","level":2,"score":0.5059725642204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.482328861951828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17623918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441828","display_name":"Secondary air injection","level":2,"score":0.4805365204811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4533412754535675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39573554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502048","display_name":"Petrol engine","level":3,"score":0.41035863757133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3672720789909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23400384187698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20045879483222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13260427117347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.09656789898872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147719833629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719833629","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147719833629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:15:y:2019:i:2:p:1550147719833629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147719833629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b49246e7763a44c7a37a162584dee405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b49246e7763a44c7a37a162584dee405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 15 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147719833629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719833629","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147719833629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2942229495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11802108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6611744798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CJ20180032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324176","funder_display_name":"Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324176","display_name":"Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/00wgk5w17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997381488","https://openalex.org/W2069289485","https://openalex.org/W2090757446","https://openalex.org/W2117908233","https://openalex.org/W2150899399","https://openalex.org/W2163716206","https://openalex.org/W2170955446","https://openalex.org/W2254603253","https://openalex.org/W2272897606","https://openalex.org/W2293613844","https://openalex.org/W2510375243","https://openalex.org/W2544010109","https://openalex.org/W2568896246","https://openalex.org/W4246086546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3164723934","https://openalex.org/W2231578821","https://openalex.org/W2389611227","https://openalex.org/W836304679","https://openalex.org/W1541351025","https://openalex.org/W1582526029","https://openalex.org/W1605578472","https://openalex.org/W1569191871","https://openalex.org/W2111311897","https://openalex.org/W2556723011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,57],"internal":[1],"combustion":[2],"engines":[3],"with":[4,63,108,134,155,162,187,192],"multi-cylinders,":[5],"the":[6,27,45,58,78,82,120,149,156,172,178,193,204],"differences":[7],"of":[8,44,84,123,183],"fuel":[9,51,61,65,106,185,206],"injection,":[10],"air":[11],"distribution,":[12],"and":[13,25,30,53,151,202],"even":[14],"exhaust":[15,28,55,110,138,146,189],"gas":[16,60,64,105,139,184,205],"recirculation":[17],"between":[18],"cylinders":[19],"may":[20],"result":[21],"in":[22],"cylinder-to-cylinder":[23],"imbalance,":[24],"then":[26],"emission":[29],"engine":[31,62,107,165,186],"performance":[32],"will":[33],"be":[34,73],"poor.":[35],"The":[36,112,127,168],"individual":[37,93,128,179],"cylinder":[38,94,129,180],"air\u2013fuel":[39,95,130,181],"ratio":[40,96,182],"control":[41,153],"is":[42,117],"one":[43,135],"important":[46],"techniques":[47],"used":[48],"to":[49,119],"improve":[50],"economy":[52],"reduce":[54],"emission.":[56],"large-bore":[59],"injection":[66,207],"devices,":[67],"their":[68,210],"mass":[69,211],"flow":[70,212],"rates":[71],"would":[72],"affected":[74],"more":[75],"seriously":[76],"by":[77],"valve":[79],"lifts":[80],"than":[81,197],"injector":[83],"gasoline":[85],"engine.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"study,":[89],"we":[90],"propose":[91],"an":[92],"estimation":[97,150,158],"algorithm,":[98],"based":[99],"on":[100,143],"Kalman":[101,125,174],"filtering,":[102],"for":[103,209],"a":[104,163],"asymmetrical":[109,188],"runners.":[111],"coefficient":[113],"matrix":[114],"update":[115],"step":[116],"added":[118],"iterative":[121],"process":[122],"common":[124],"observer.":[126],"ratios":[131],"are":[132,160],"estimated":[133],"single":[136],"universal":[137],"oxygen":[140],"sensor":[141],"located":[142],"each":[144],"side":[145],"manifold.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"feedback":[152],"performances":[154],"proposed":[157],"algorithm":[159],"validated":[161],"one-dimensional":[164],"simulation":[166],"tool.":[167],"results":[169],"indicate":[170],"that":[171],"modified":[173],"observer":[175],"can":[176],"estimate":[177],"runner":[190],"precisely,":[191],"maximum":[194],"error":[195],"smaller":[196],"1%":[198],"under":[199],"steady-state":[200],"conditions,":[201],"compensate":[203],"devices":[208],"rate":[213],"differences.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}