{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894417432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147718802254","title":"Secure downlink transmission with finite resolution analog beamforming in massive multiple-input multiple-output system","display_name":"Secure downlink transmission with finite resolution analog beamforming in massive multiple-input multiple-output system","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894417432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147718802254","mag":"2894417432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147718802254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147718802254","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147718802254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147718802254","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101574470","display_name":"Xianyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2037-0231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074512155","display_name":"Daoxing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-6921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daoxing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056987842","display_name":"Kongzhe Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-9959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kongzhe Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067036574","display_name":"Silin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-8795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074512155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.3863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63457131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"155014771880225","last_page":"155014771880225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7789257764816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7723863124847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.7245397567749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7087154388427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.6807260513305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6281884908676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5616097450256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.5394749045372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4776388704776764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4260813593864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3442302942276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3386845588684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.3023396134376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27185875177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1397061049938202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7789257764816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7723863124847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.7245397567749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7087154388427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.6807260513305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6281884908676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5616097450256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.5394749045372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4776388704776764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4260813593864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3442302942276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3386845588684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.3023396134376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27185875177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1397061049938202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147718802254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147718802254","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147718802254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:14:y:2018:i:9:p:1550147718802254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147718802254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:01ab1e29a830432a8c4b2680de906e62","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/01ab1e29a830432a8c4b2680de906e62","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 14 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147718802254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147718802254","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147718802254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894417432.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894417432.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W751677133","https://openalex.org/W1733425272","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W2009990945","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2048146300","https://openalex.org/W2056973119","https://openalex.org/W2057565382","https://openalex.org/W2100413560","https://openalex.org/W2103063389","https://openalex.org/W2121315337","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2167005403","https://openalex.org/W2167956149","https://openalex.org/W2171066806","https://openalex.org/W2238937638","https://openalex.org/W2291159204","https://openalex.org/W2293295048","https://openalex.org/W2293366823","https://openalex.org/W2438522066","https://openalex.org/W2518750006","https://openalex.org/W2520068277","https://openalex.org/W2528890243","https://openalex.org/W2567863460","https://openalex.org/W2591561983","https://openalex.org/W2962773346","https://openalex.org/W2962998723","https://openalex.org/W2963166698","https://openalex.org/W2963728200","https://openalex.org/W3099720307","https://openalex.org/W3101985270","https://openalex.org/W3102571118","https://openalex.org/W3106148312","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W3110303095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391308034","https://openalex.org/W2951619176","https://openalex.org/W3159852908","https://openalex.org/W2994678687","https://openalex.org/W2478698443","https://openalex.org/W2340550229","https://openalex.org/W2790990878","https://openalex.org/W2741591884","https://openalex.org/W2950274618","https://openalex.org/W2886997539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"reduce":[1],"the":[2,10,27,42,59,100,120,137,155,163,166,186,193],"number":[3,114,118],"of":[4,7,12,44,58,102,115,119],"radio-frequency":[5],"chains":[6],"base":[8,39],"station,":[9],"use":[11],"finite":[13,127],"resolution":[14,128],"analog":[15,129],"beamforming":[16,130],"is":[17,148],"desirbale":[18],"in":[19,41,63,134,150],"massive":[20,30,168],"multiple-input":[21,31,169],"multiple-output":[22,32,170],"system.":[23],"This":[24],"article":[25],"investigates":[26],"secure":[28,167],"downlink":[29],"data":[33,143],"transmission":[34,69,124],"with":[35],"artificial":[36,145],"noise":[37,146],"at":[38],"station":[40],"presence":[43],"a":[45,79,177],"multi-antenna":[46],"passive":[47],"eavesdropper.":[48],"The":[49],"achievable":[50],"user\u2019s":[51],"ergodic":[52,56,84,156],"information":[53],"rate":[54,86],"and":[55,87,126,144,190],"capacity":[57],"eavesdropper":[60],"are":[61,132],"analyzed":[62],"detail,":[64],"respectively.":[65],"With":[66],"maximum":[67,71],"ratio":[68,72],"or":[70],"combining,":[73],"we":[74,161],"derive":[75,162],"closed-form":[76],"expressions":[77],"for":[78,91],"tight":[80,88],"lower":[81],"bound":[82,90],"on":[83,96,106],"secrecy":[85,92,107,157,179,188],"upper":[89],"outage":[93],"probability.":[94],"Based":[95],"these":[97],"analytical":[98,195],"expressions,":[99],"effects":[101],"various":[103],"system":[104,171],"parameters":[105],"performance,":[108],"such":[109],"as":[110],"power":[111,139],"allocation":[112,140],"factor,":[113],"eavesdropper\u2019s":[116],"antennas,":[117],"user":[121],"terminals,":[122],"total":[123],"power,":[125],"parameters,":[131],"investigated":[133],"detail.":[135],"Also,":[136],"optimal":[138],"scheme":[141],"between":[142],"signals":[147],"achieved":[149],"closed":[151],"form":[152],"to":[153,173,175],"maximize":[154],"rate.":[158,180],"In":[159],"addition,":[160],"conditions":[164],"that":[165],"need":[172],"meet":[174],"obtain":[176],"positive":[178],"Finally,":[181],"numerical":[182],"simulation":[183],"results":[184],"validate":[185],"system\u2019s":[187],"performance":[189],"verify":[191],"all":[192],"theoretical":[194],"results.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}