{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2763154590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147717733424","title":"Nonlinear programming-based ranging optimization for three-dimensional indoor time of arrival localization","display_name":"Nonlinear programming-based ranging optimization for three-dimensional indoor time of arrival localization","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2763154590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147717733424","mag":"2763154590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147717733424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147717733424","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147717733424","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147717733424","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701137","display_name":"Jian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1328-3479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302611135","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China","The F.R.I. of Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The F.R.I. of Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054280903","display_name":"Yongling Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-3512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongling Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045777582","display_name":"Jie He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-0998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101572090","display_name":"Shengguang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-8607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302611135","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengguang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The F.R.I. of Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The F.R.I. of Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008984631","display_name":"Jian Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7324-4124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054280903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.2816,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5940191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"155014771773342","last_page":"155014771773342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.9796931743621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.728122353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.6833869218826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5895896553993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","score":0.573077917098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5712472200393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5575289130210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.48026371002197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.47219622135162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4523986577987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4472362995147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.419287770986557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3707836866378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17423880100250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17423415184020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15120714902877808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.13033804297447205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.9796931743621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.728122353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6833869218826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5895896553993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.573077917098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5712472200393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5575289130210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.48026371002197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.47219622135162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4523986577987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4472362995147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.419287770986557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3707836866378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17423880100250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17423415184020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15120714902877808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.13033804297447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147717733424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147717733424","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147717733424","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:13:y:2017:i:10:p:1550147717733424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147717733424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a5769c8572e6453388617c1110628153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a5769c8572e6453388617c1110628153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 13 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147717733424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147717733424","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147717733424","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2763154590.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84068978","https://openalex.org/W1976867558","https://openalex.org/W1989577653","https://openalex.org/W2026489114","https://openalex.org/W2060873147","https://openalex.org/W2108996251","https://openalex.org/W2119478377","https://openalex.org/W2149416133","https://openalex.org/W2154452292","https://openalex.org/W2159297420","https://openalex.org/W2162718622","https://openalex.org/W2163817142","https://openalex.org/W2167251937","https://openalex.org/W2312361439","https://openalex.org/W2423399982","https://openalex.org/W2511507617","https://openalex.org/W2567950776","https://openalex.org/W2606276298","https://openalex.org/W2810766553","https://openalex.org/W3143071215","https://openalex.org/W4297803152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904654071","https://openalex.org/W3004316703","https://openalex.org/W3149021053","https://openalex.org/W4389372489","https://openalex.org/W2124974059","https://openalex.org/W2000433025","https://openalex.org/W2215607475","https://openalex.org/W2087203524","https://openalex.org/W4232302824","https://openalex.org/W2055784363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,104],"distribution":[1],"of":[2,5,7,21,25,28,35,37,49,68,77,81,87,91,106],"ranging":[3,39,51,108,124,136],"errors":[4],"time":[6,36,48,90],"arrival":[8,38,50],"techniques":[9],"fails":[10],"to":[11,59,74],"satisfy":[12],"zero":[13,128],"means":[14],"and":[15,54,66,79,100,109,116,131,137],"equal":[16,132],"variances.":[17,133],"It":[18],"is":[19,40,94,112],"one":[20],"the":[22,61,101,107,122,135],"major":[23],"causations":[24],"position":[26],"error":[27,52,125],"least":[29,98],"square\u00e2\u20ac\u201cbased":[30],"localization":[31,85,110,138],"algorithm.":[32,103],"optimization":[34,102],"defined":[41],"as":[42,71,73],"a":[43],"nonlinear":[44,69],"programming":[45],"problem.":[46],"Then,":[47],"model":[53],"geometric":[55],"constraints":[56,67],"are":[57,140],"used":[58],"define":[60],"initial":[62],"values,":[63],"objective":[64],"functions,":[65],"programming,":[70],"well":[72],"detect":[75],"line":[76],"sight":[78],"nonline":[80],"sight.":[82],"A":[83],"three-dimensional":[84],"algorithm":[86],"an":[88],"indoor":[89],"arrival\u00e2\u20ac\u201cbased":[92],"positioning":[93],"proposed":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97],"square":[99],"performance":[105],"accuracies":[111,139],"evaluated":[113],"by":[114],"simulation":[115],"field":[117],"testing.":[118],"Results":[119],"show":[120],"that":[121],"optimized":[123],"successfully":[126],"satisfies":[127],"mean":[129],"value":[130],"Furthermore,":[134],"significantly":[141],"improved.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
