{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2568700449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716686577","title":"An improved reversible image watermarking algorithm based on difference expansion","display_name":"An improved reversible image watermarking algorithm based on difference expansion","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2568700449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716686577","mag":"2568700449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147716686577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716686577","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716686577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716686577","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693502","display_name":"Zhengwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Command Information System, People\u2019s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an, China","College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China","College of Command Information System, People's Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Command Information System, People\u2019s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Command Information System, People's Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102855832","display_name":"Lifa Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-9795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifa Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Command Information System, People\u2019s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","College of Command Information System, People's Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Command Information System, People\u2019s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Command Information System, People's Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079583479","display_name":"Yunyang Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an, China","College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013912532","display_name":"Shaozhang Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaozhang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an, China","College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702984","display_name":"He Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Command Information System, People\u2019s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","College of Command Information System, People's Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Command Information System, People\u2019s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Command Information System, People's Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100693502"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869","https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.6372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77264547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"155014771668657","last_page":"155014771668657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.8754594326019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8633818626403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7588081359863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7032609581947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6575875878334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6240897178649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6141811609268188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6010464429855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5786553621292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5030903220176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4586903750896454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43403300642967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.4157916307449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21404960751533508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.8754594326019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8633818626403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7588081359863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7032609581947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6575875878334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6240897178649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6141811609268188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6010464429855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5786553621292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5030903220176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4586903750896454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43403300642967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.4157916307449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21404960751533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147716686577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716686577","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716686577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:13:y:2017:i:1:p:1550147716686577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147716686577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5b6575a7a4f1420fa34dbf2662efd25d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5b6575a7a4f1420fa34dbf2662efd25d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 13 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147716686577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716686577","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716686577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2568700449.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2568700449.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480431657","https://openalex.org/W1970285028","https://openalex.org/W1974641035","https://openalex.org/W1983392650","https://openalex.org/W1984351256","https://openalex.org/W1990962661","https://openalex.org/W1993349745","https://openalex.org/W1996547493","https://openalex.org/W2029623194","https://openalex.org/W2046225037","https://openalex.org/W2048383657","https://openalex.org/W2052331844","https://openalex.org/W2053660047","https://openalex.org/W2059658630","https://openalex.org/W2063505908","https://openalex.org/W2090301255","https://openalex.org/W2115924904","https://openalex.org/W2135459805","https://openalex.org/W2137096606","https://openalex.org/W2159026792","https://openalex.org/W2160787534","https://openalex.org/W2295061274","https://openalex.org/W2335706454","https://openalex.org/W2474906785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"improve":[1],"the":[2,6,10,29,37,50,59,72,75,82,91,95,101,105,122,144,151],"visual":[3,115,136],"quality":[4,137],"and":[5,36,49,58,88,138],"embedding":[7,106,129],"rate":[8,107,130],"of":[9,40,63,74,143],"existing":[11],"reversible":[12,18],"image":[13,19,53,93],"watermarking":[14,20],"algorithm,":[15],"an":[16],"improved":[17,111],"algorithm":[21,124,152],"based":[22],"on":[23],"difference":[24,96],"expansion":[25],"is":[26,32,43,68,86],"proposed.":[27],"First,":[28],"watermark":[30,46,76],"information":[31,38,77],"divided":[33],"into":[34],"groups,":[35],"value":[39,73],"each":[41,64,79],"group":[42,47],"calculated.":[44],"The":[45,117],"number":[48,55],"corresponding":[51,60,65],"carrier":[52,66],"block":[54,67],"are":[56],"mapped,":[57],"coefficient":[61],"position":[62],"identified":[69,83],"according":[70],"to":[71],"in":[78,90],"group.":[80],"Second,":[81],"location":[84],"map":[85],"compressed":[87],"embedded":[89],"original":[92,145],"through":[94],"expansion.":[97],"Through":[98],"circular":[99],"searching":[100],"suitable":[102],"pixel":[103],"position,":[104],"can":[108,139],"be":[109],"effectively":[110],"without":[112],"sacrificing":[113],"any":[114],"quality.":[116],"experimental":[118],"results":[119],"show":[120],"that":[121],"proposed":[123],"not":[125],"only":[126],"has":[127,133,153],"high":[128,135],"but":[131],"also":[132],"a":[134],"achieve":[140],"full":[141],"recovery":[142],"image.":[146],"Compared":[147],"with":[148],"other":[149],"algorithms,":[150],"certain":[154],"advantages.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}