{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2528408466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671720","title":"Three-dimensional positioning system using Bluetooth low-energy beacons","display_name":"Three-dimensional positioning system using Bluetooth low-energy beacons","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2528408466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671720","mag":"2528408466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147716671720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671720","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716671720","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716671720","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050974621","display_name":"Hyunwook Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-3635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunwook Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033756630","display_name":"Jaewon Noh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7370-7849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaewon Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024545505","display_name":"Sunghyun Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-6088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunghyun Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024545505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66810205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"155014771667172","last_page":"155014771667172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.9868478178977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8358412981033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.7456315755844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth-low-energy","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","score":0.7142756581306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulation","display_name":"Triangulation","score":0.6551858186721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.6453303694725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5153600573539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.5111532807350159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5061094164848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.45006975531578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.4487794041633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4434759020805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.41491228342056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3348434567451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.33364295959472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2834795117378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24829527735710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.12134361267089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12069728970527649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10903733968734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08971694111824036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.9868478178977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8358412981033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.7456315755844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638779","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","level":4,"score":0.7142756581306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135981907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188056","display_name":"Triangulation","level":2,"score":0.6551858186721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.6453303694725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5153600573539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.5111532807350159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5061094164848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.45006975531578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4487794041633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4434759020805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.41491228342056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3348434567451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.33364295959472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2834795117378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24829527735710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.12134361267089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12069728970527649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10903733968734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08971694111824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147716671720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671720","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716671720","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:12:y:2016:i:10:p:1550147716671720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147716671720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aad03cb0266546839506f3fcb0307f84","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aad03cb0266546839506f3fcb0307f84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 12 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147716671720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671720","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716671720","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2528408466.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2528408466.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971130353","https://openalex.org/W1998436755","https://openalex.org/W2005814505","https://openalex.org/W2006805041","https://openalex.org/W2034782889","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2175418613","https://openalex.org/W2182914073","https://openalex.org/W2269277378","https://openalex.org/W2405823904","https://openalex.org/W4248033757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092991347","https://openalex.org/W3204118479","https://openalex.org/W3045554119","https://openalex.org/W4241648783","https://openalex.org/W2997722037","https://openalex.org/W3046430981","https://openalex.org/W3195324147","https://openalex.org/W3043335126","https://openalex.org/W4389436641","https://openalex.org/W2149771547"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bluetooth":[0,60],"low-energy\u2013based":[1,61],"beacons":[2],"have":[3],"two":[4],"different":[5],"roles:":[6],"\u201cbroadcasting\u201d":[7],"(by":[8,13],"beacon":[9],"device)":[10],"and":[11],"\u201creceiving\u201d":[12],"sensing":[14],"devices).":[15],"It":[16],"allows":[17],"devices":[18],"to":[19,125],"receive":[20],"information":[21],"over":[22],"a":[23,54],"short":[24],"distance.":[25],"Thus,":[26],"many":[27],"researchers":[28],"are":[29],"actively":[30],"investigating":[31],"positioning":[32,42,57,115,119],"methods":[33,46,66],"that":[34,108],"use":[35],"beacons.":[36,62],"However,":[37],"the":[38,44,64,77,83,87,101,112,118,126],"distance":[39],"value":[40],"of":[41,103,109],"in":[43],"existing":[45,110,127],"is":[47],"not":[48],"always":[49],"accurate.":[50],"This":[51],"article":[52],"proposes":[53],"novel":[55],"three-dimensional":[56,92,114],"system":[58,116],"using":[59],"While":[63],"conventional":[65],"measure":[67],"distances":[68],"by":[69,90,122],"obtaining":[70,91],"two-dimensional":[71,128],"coordinates":[72],"[Formula:":[73,95],"see":[74,96],"text]":[75],"through":[76],"received":[78],"signal":[79],"strength":[80],"indicator":[81],"value,":[82],"proposed":[84,113],"method":[85,106],"improves":[86],"measurement":[88],"accuracy":[89],"coordinate":[93],"values":[94],"text].":[97],"Finally,":[98],"while":[99],"comparing":[100],"performance":[102],"this":[104],"new":[105],"with":[107],"methods,":[111],"reduces":[117],"error":[120],"rate":[121],"27.3%":[123],"compared":[124],"triangulation":[129],"method.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
