{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2530753119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671255","title":"Randomized geographic-based routing with nearly guaranteed delivery for three-dimensional ad hoc network","display_name":"Randomized geographic-based routing with nearly guaranteed delivery for three-dimensional ad hoc network","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2530753119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671255","mag":"2530753119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147716671255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671255","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716671255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716671255","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073310997","display_name":"Alaa E. Abdallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alaa E. Abdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046858150","display_name":"Emad E. Abdallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-9973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emad E. Abdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001504868","display_name":"Mohammad Bsoul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0267-0246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Bsoul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079273230","display_name":"Ahmed Fawzi Otoom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7751-6679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Fawzi Otoom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073310997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":1.1812,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82525444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"155014771667125","last_page":"155014771667125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8291372656822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/destination-sequenced-distance-vector-routing","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","score":0.7439960837364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.5578831434249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5121252536773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.5120614171028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.5005142688751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.48308756947517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.47388073801994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-routing","display_name":"Geographic routing","score":0.4509156346321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilation","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","score":0.4434086084365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.4254192113876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3702429533004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3484978973865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.25870969891548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11001446843147278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8291372656822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29436982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3700557","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","level":5,"score":0.7439960837364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.5578831434249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5121252536773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.5120614171028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.5005142688751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48308756947517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.47388073801994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.4509156346321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780757906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276676","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","level":2,"score":0.4434086084365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.4254192113876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3702429533004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3484978973865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.25870969891548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11001446843147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147716671255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671255","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716671255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:12:y:2016:i:10:p:1550147716671255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550147716671255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe9b95c3ad134233a63242785965438a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fe9b95c3ad134233a63242785965438a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 12 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1550147716671255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716671255","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147716671255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W583790007","https://openalex.org/W1521173874","https://openalex.org/W1549535141","https://openalex.org/W1963519131","https://openalex.org/W1984385455","https://openalex.org/W2044421179","https://openalex.org/W2101963262","https://openalex.org/W2109764756","https://openalex.org/W2133794215","https://openalex.org/W2148565706","https://openalex.org/W2150388519","https://openalex.org/W2151112946","https://openalex.org/W2156200189","https://openalex.org/W2156689181","https://openalex.org/W2157054705","https://openalex.org/W2157457404","https://openalex.org/W2162685648","https://openalex.org/W2164192722","https://openalex.org/W2164470020","https://openalex.org/W2170469173","https://openalex.org/W2302785920","https://openalex.org/W2599509984","https://openalex.org/W4240811562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W50672539","https://openalex.org/W2282107067","https://openalex.org/W2430455952","https://openalex.org/W1995089019","https://openalex.org/W2120137201","https://openalex.org/W2123812631","https://openalex.org/W1655019438","https://openalex.org/W1968388765","https://openalex.org/W2543752581","https://openalex.org/W2620451430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"routing":[1,8,36,57,93,115,204,235],"algorithms":[2,37,58,94,112,236],"have":[3,38,60,117],"been":[4],"proposed":[5],"for":[6,45,166],"efficient":[7],"in":[9,21,25,31,125,253],"mobile":[10,18,239],"ad":[11,240],"hoc":[12,241],"networks,":[13],"most":[14],"of":[15,86,141,158],"them":[16],"consider":[17],"nodes":[19,168],"embedded":[20,30],"two-dimensional":[22,35],"environments.":[23,33],"However,":[24],"reality,":[26],"these":[27,232],"networks":[28,242],"are":[29,42],"three-dimensional":[32,46,126,238],"Usually,":[34],"several":[39],"assumptions":[40],"that":[41,59,231],"not":[43,191],"valid":[44],"spaces.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"article,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"four":[53],"different":[54],"randomized":[55,234],"geographic-based":[56],"the":[61,87,92,96,101,110,133,142,159,167,171,185,188,193,217,256],"following":[62],"properties:":[63],"(1)":[64],"nearly":[65,245],"guaranteed":[66,246],"delivery":[67,247],"rate,":[68],"by":[69,81,108],"using":[70],"randomize":[71],"route":[72],"to":[73,99,156,170,178,184,196,212,225,255],"overcome":[74],"local":[75,218],"minimum":[76,219],"problems;":[77],"(2)":[78],"low":[79,105,119,261],"overhead,":[80],"extracting":[82],"a":[83,138,151],"virtual":[84],"backbone":[85,98],"network":[88,143],"and":[89,122,154,221,259],"then":[90,209,222],"conducting":[91],"over":[95],"extracted":[97],"decrease":[100],"search":[102],"space;":[103],"(3)":[104],"path":[106,120,258],"dilation,":[107],"hybridizing":[109],"new":[111],"with":[113,163,260],"progress-based":[114,203,226],"which":[116],"very":[118],"dilation;":[121],"(4)":[123],"works":[124],"environment.":[127],"The":[128,146,173,198],"first":[129],"algorithm":[130,148,175,194,200],"3DRanDom":[131],"chooses":[132],"next":[134],"neighbor":[135],"randomly":[136,162],"from":[137],"dominating":[139,152],"set":[140,153],"(extracted":[144],"locally).":[145],"second":[147],"3DRanDomProb":[149,213],"extracts":[150],"sends":[155],"one":[157],"resulted":[160],"neighbors":[161],"more":[164],"probability":[165],"closer":[169,252],"destination.":[172],"third":[174],"G_3DRanDomProb":[176],"tries":[177],"progress":[179,189],"as":[180,182,205,207],"much":[181,206],"possible":[183],"destination,":[186],"if":[187],"is":[190],"possible,":[192,208],"switches":[195,211],"3DRanDomProb.":[197],"fourth":[199],"G_3DRanDomProb_G":[201],"uses":[202],"it":[210,215],"until":[214],"overcomes":[216],"problem":[220],"goes":[223],"back":[224],"routing.":[227],"We":[228],"show":[229],"experimentally":[230],"hybrid":[233],"on":[237],"can":[243],"achieve":[244],"while":[248],"discovering":[249],"routes":[250],"significantly":[251],"length":[254],"shortest":[257],"overhead.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
