{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040086322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871620922166","title":"A comparative user study of visualization techniques for cluster analysis of multidimensional data sets","display_name":"A comparative user study of visualization techniques for cluster analysis of multidimensional data sets","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040086322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871620922166","mag":"3040086322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1473871620922166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871620922166","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1473871620922166","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55152591","display_name":"Information Visualization","issn_l":"1473-8716","issn":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1473871620922166","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089085563","display_name":"Elio Ventocilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0864-5247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","display_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","ror":"https://ror.org/051mrsz47","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elio Ventocilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0864-5247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041841729","display_name":"Maria Riveiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-9335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","display_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","ror":"https://ror.org/051mrsz47","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94616838","display_name":"J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t54am93","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94616838"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Riveiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden","School of Informatics, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-9335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94616838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089085563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83667555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"318","last_page":"338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13398","display_name":"Data Analysis with R","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7520374655723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6859927773475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6145062446594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5448383092880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5366112589836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.501042366027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4177643656730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3713345527648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24866405129432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14768105745315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.1333789825439453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7520374655723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6859927773475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6145062446594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5448383092880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5366112589836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.501042366027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4177643656730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3713345527648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24866405129432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14768105745315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.1333789825439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1473871620922166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871620922166","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1473871620922166","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55152591","display_name":"Information Visualization","issn_l":"1473-8716","issn":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:his-18851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401029","display_name":"University Library of Sk\u00f6vde (University of Sk\u00f6vde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","host_organization_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1473871620922166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871620922166","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1473871620922166","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55152591","display_name":"Information Visualization","issn_l":"1473-8716","issn":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040086322.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W884650706","https://openalex.org/W1519772700","https://openalex.org/W1875842236","https://openalex.org/W1944603233","https://openalex.org/W1947468339","https://openalex.org/W1990517717","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2014184703","https://openalex.org/W2015755066","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2047752105","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2057923756","https://openalex.org/W2071128523","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2128021408","https://openalex.org/W2134312057","https://openalex.org/W2151823074","https://openalex.org/W2156287497","https://openalex.org/W2161381700","https://openalex.org/W2163965546","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2255388164","https://openalex.org/W2517066960","https://openalex.org/W2594908799","https://openalex.org/W2807795618","https://openalex.org/W2975605169","https://openalex.org/W3046717556","https://openalex.org/W4242671345","https://openalex.org/W4254607142","https://openalex.org/W4294141750","https://openalex.org/W4297970464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2429057255","https://openalex.org/W2187546663","https://openalex.org/W148745890","https://openalex.org/W4389670110","https://openalex.org/W2611942503","https://openalex.org/W4315621326","https://openalex.org/W2899790217","https://openalex.org/W2598865957","https://openalex.org/W1576092969","https://openalex.org/W2594414941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,309],"empirical":[4],"user":[5,89,110],"study":[6],"that":[7,49,163,287],"compares":[8],"eight":[9],"multidimensional":[10,28,84,107,171,281],"projection":[11],"techniques":[12,35],"for":[13,44],"supporting":[14],"the":[15,18,34,68,71,86,94,99,102,199,248,279,288,298,312],"estimation":[16],"of":[17,20,33,58,73,88,96,105,122,139,159,201,250,278,291,300],"number":[19,95,200],"clusters,":[21],"[Formula:":[22,74,114,160],"see":[23,75,115,161],"text],":[24],"embedded":[25],"in":[26,61,98,137,203],"six":[27],"data":[29,47,54,59,63,100,205,257,293],"sets.":[30],"The":[31,144],"selection":[32],"was":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38,311],"their":[39],"intended":[40],"design,":[41],"or":[42,56],"use,":[43],"visually":[45],"encoding":[46],"structures,":[48],"is,":[50],"neighborhood":[51],"relations":[52],"between":[53,70,132,247],"points":[55,60],"groups":[57],"a":[62,120,130,204,236,292],"set.":[64],"Concretely,":[65],"we":[66],"study:":[67],"difference":[69,131,246],"estimates":[72,111,140,158,194,214,267],"text]":[76,116,162],"as":[77,256,295,297],"given":[78,118,168,220],"by":[79,119,221,274],"participants":[80],"when":[81],"using":[82,223,276],"different":[83,165,217,270],"projections;":[85],"accuracy":[87],"estimations":[90],"with":[91,113,169],"respect":[92],"to":[93,155,157,181,183,191,193,198,212,265,304],"labels":[97,202],"sets;":[101],"perceived":[103,142,238,273,313],"usability":[104],"each":[106,301],"projection;":[108],"whether":[109,127],"disagree":[112],"values":[117],"set":[121],"cluster":[123,207,260],"quality":[124,208,261],"measures;":[125],"and":[126,134,141,176,225,230,240,252],"there":[128,241],"is":[129,189,242,284],"experienced":[133,251],"novice":[135,253],"users":[136,222,275],"terms":[138],"usability.":[143,314],"results":[145],"show":[146],"that:":[147],"dendrograms":[148],"(from":[149],"Ward\u2019s":[150],"hierarchical":[151],"clustering)":[152],"are":[153,164,179,196,210,216,263,269],"likely":[154,180,190,211,234,264],"lead":[156,182,192],"from":[166,218,271],"those":[167,219,272],"other":[170],"projections,":[172],"while":[173],"Star":[174],"Coordinates":[175],"Radial":[177],"Visualizations":[178],"similar":[184],"estimates;":[185],"t-Stochastic":[186,226],"Neighbor":[187,227],"Embedding":[188],"which":[195,215,268],"closer":[197],"set;":[206],"measures":[209,262],"produce":[213,266],"Ward":[224],"Embedding;":[228],"U-Matrices":[229],"reachability":[231],"plots":[232],"will":[233],"have":[235],"low":[237],"usability;":[239],"no":[243],"statistically":[244],"significant":[245],"answers":[249],"users.":[254],"Moreover,":[255],"dimensionality":[258],"increases,":[259],"any":[277],"assessed":[280],"projections.":[282],"It":[283],"also":[285],"apparent":[286],"inherent":[289],"complexity":[290],"set,":[294],"well":[296],"capability":[299],"visual":[302],"technique":[303],"disclose":[305],"such":[306],"complexity,":[307],"has":[308],"influence":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}