{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026729066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871612455749","title":"A survey of two-dimensional graph layout techniques for information visualisation","display_name":"A survey of two-dimensional graph layout techniques for information visualisation","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026729066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871612455749","mag":"2026729066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1473871612455749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871612455749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55152591","display_name":"Information Visualization","issn_l":"1473-8716","issn":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102814738","display_name":"Helen Gibson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3428-5163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Helen Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048621539","display_name":"Joe Faith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Faith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049262271","display_name":"Paul Vickers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0963-5005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Vickers","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102814738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6102,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":182,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93760305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3-4","first_page":"324","last_page":"357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-layout","display_name":"Graph Layout","score":0.8297595977783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8227112293243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-drawing","display_name":"Graph drawing","score":0.779057502746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6960987448692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.621116578578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-visualization","display_name":"Information visualization","score":0.5750495195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5078974366188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4221600592136383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-database","display_name":"Graph database","score":0.41504472494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.396626740694046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3108993172645569}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911174283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739462","display_name":"Graph Layout","level":4,"score":0.8297595977783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8227112293243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112953755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739462","display_name":"Graph drawing","level":3,"score":0.779057502746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6960987448692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.621116578578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185578843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10609775","display_name":"Information visualization","level":3,"score":0.5750495195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5078974366188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4221600592136383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176225458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595971","display_name":"Graph database","level":3,"score":0.41504472494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.396626740694046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3108993172645569}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1473871612455749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871612455749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55152591","display_name":"Information Visualization","issn_l":"1473-8716","issn":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:16689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/16689/1/survey_graph_layout_preprint.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:13196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/13196/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38619841","https://openalex.org/W55941057","https://openalex.org/W67385939","https://openalex.org/W348384746","https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1479963486","https://openalex.org/W1490445522","https://openalex.org/W1495967075","https://openalex.org/W1502938161","https://openalex.org/W1504716054","https://openalex.org/W1506900020","https://openalex.org/W1531848040","https://openalex.org/W1532755370","https://openalex.org/W1544009106","https://openalex.org/W1550335805","https://openalex.org/W1557584448","https://openalex.org/W1564330171","https://openalex.org/W1564536329","https://openalex.org/W1578928198","https://openalex.org/W1581824655","https://openalex.org/W1584092895","https://openalex.org/W1584926107","https://openalex.org/W1590611232","https://openalex.org/W1591086553","https://openalex.org/W1595997489","https://openalex.org/W1805238228","https://openalex.org/W1821429470","https://openalex.org/W1862093616","https://openalex.org/W1883466813","https://openalex.org/W1970282908","https://openalex.org/W1983359980","https://openalex.org/W1992660093","https://openalex.org/W1992709202","https://openalex.org/W1993382237","https://openalex.org/W1997952588","https://openalex.org/W2001914359","https://openalex.org/W2006893832","https://openalex.org/W2007342570","https://openalex.org/W2019912818","https://openalex.org/W2020248080","https://openalex.org/W2021053884","https://openalex.org/W2023098599","https://openalex.org/W2036469730","https://openalex.org/W2037005685","https://openalex.org/W2040581009","https://openalex.org/W2041783407","https://openalex.org/W2041794275","https://openalex.org/W2042966559","https://openalex.org/W2044348081","https://openalex.org/W2055175765","https://openalex.org/W2057271568","https://openalex.org/W2059942088","https://openalex.org/W2059985735","https://openalex.org/W2060181055","https://openalex.org/W2061901927","https://openalex.org/W2066352890","https://openalex.org/W2066495677","https://openalex.org/W2068109876","https://openalex.org/W2068306188","https://openalex.org/W2071353749","https://openalex.org/W2075220720","https://openalex.org/W2079789924","https://openalex.org/W2082388593","https://openalex.org/W2084864069","https://openalex.org/W2091013346","https://openalex.org/W2098613931","https://openalex.org/W2100083479","https://openalex.org/W2100108891","https://openalex.org/W2102664288","https://openalex.org/W2110080554","https://openalex.org/W2111781385","https://openalex.org/W2116864243","https://openalex.org/W2117737004","https://openalex.org/W2119031886","https://openalex.org/W2121905803","https://openalex.org/W2122814890","https://openalex.org/W2124713295","https://openalex.org/W2125914984","https://openalex.org/W2128278833","https://openalex.org/W2128712108","https://openalex.org/W2128965269","https://openalex.org/W2130659183","https://openalex.org/W2132774043","https://openalex.org/W2132964407","https://openalex.org/W2133934472","https://openalex.org/W2137439611","https://openalex.org/W2141177212","https://openalex.org/W2142244001","https://openalex.org/W2144407709","https://openalex.org/W2146055051","https://openalex.org/W2147468287","https://openalex.org/W2149194035","https://openalex.org/W2150770193","https://openalex.org/W2152146042","https://openalex.org/W2157348185","https://openalex.org/W2158287445","https://openalex.org/W2158378644","https://openalex.org/W2158453355","https://openalex.org/W2159521238","https://openalex.org/W2159601092","https://openalex.org/W2159675211","https://openalex.org/W2160176862","https://openalex.org/W2166835486","https://openalex.org/W2167306162","https://openalex.org/W2167482691","https://openalex.org/W2167852549","https://openalex.org/W2205695184","https://openalex.org/W2219394041","https://openalex.org/W2397851279","https://openalex.org/W2538898197","https://openalex.org/W2797538109","https://openalex.org/W2797902820","https://openalex.org/W2914976286","https://openalex.org/W2951889570","https://openalex.org/W2964999381","https://openalex.org/W3022981850","https://openalex.org/W3141164029","https://openalex.org/W4232827796","https://openalex.org/W4233034640","https://openalex.org/W4238387639","https://openalex.org/W4244064538","https://openalex.org/W4245102011","https://openalex.org/W4250895168","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377559894","https://openalex.org/W2105200106","https://openalex.org/W2016648600","https://openalex.org/W2205837543","https://openalex.org/W2157178603","https://openalex.org/W2155831461","https://openalex.org/W2158002945","https://openalex.org/W85053301","https://openalex.org/W1579593503","https://openalex.org/W1520753277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"algorithms":[1,63],"for":[2,58,89],"graph":[3,16,33,59,78,90,146],"layout":[4,79,147],"have":[5,36],"been":[6,39],"devised":[7],"over":[8],"the":[9,15,26,30,42,67,72,103,111,135,164],"last":[10],"30":[11],"years":[12],"spanning":[13],"both":[14],"drawing":[17,34,62],"and":[18,80,97,127,134,158],"information":[19,43],"visualisation":[20,44,91,156],"communities.":[21],"This":[22],"article":[23],"first":[24],"reviews":[25],"advances":[27],"made":[28],"in":[29,77,122,163],"field":[31],"of":[32,51,54,74,95,143],"that":[35],"then":[37,47],"often":[38,92],"applied":[40],"by":[41,155],"community.":[45],"There":[46],"follows":[48],"a":[49,52,114,140],"discussion":[50],"range":[53],"techniques":[55,131],"developed":[56,87],"specifically":[57,88,149],"visualisations.":[60],"Graph":[61],"are":[64,98,105,132],"categorised":[65,99],"into":[66],"following":[68],"approaches:":[69],"force-directed":[70],"layouts,":[71],"use":[73,94],"dimension":[75],"reduction":[76],"computational":[81],"improvements":[82],"including":[83],"multi-level":[84],"techniques.":[85],"Methods":[86],"make":[93],"node-attributes":[96],"based":[100],"on":[101],"whether":[102],"attributes":[104],"used":[106,154],"to":[107,110,138,159],"introduce":[108],"constraints":[109],"layout,":[112],"provide":[113,139],"clustered":[115],"view":[116],"or":[117],"define":[118],"an":[119],"explicit":[120],"representation":[121],"two-dimensional":[123],"space.":[124],"The":[125],"similarities":[126],"distinctions":[128],"between":[129],"these":[130],"examined":[133],"aim":[136],"is":[137],"detailed":[141],"assessment":[142],"currently":[144],"available":[145],"techniques,":[148],"how":[150],"they":[151],"can":[152],"be":[153],"practitioners,":[157],"motivate":[160],"further":[161],"research":[162],"area.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}