{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401035240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241262415","title":"Social media platforms for politics: A comparison of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit, Snapchat, and WhatsApp","display_name":"Social media platforms for politics: A comparison of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit, Snapchat, and WhatsApp","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401035240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241262415","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41221511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448241262415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241262415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12599886/pdf/10.1177_14614448241262415.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087710545","display_name":"Shelley Boulianne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-1098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117750","display_name":"Weizenbaum Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/023kksk09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806","https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I2801702882","https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210117750","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I46043019","https://openalex.org/I4923324","https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shelley Boulianne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-1098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064420198","display_name":"Christian Pieter Hoffmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-6950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian P. Hoffmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-6950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014882792","display_name":"Michael Bossetta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-5487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Bossetta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-5487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087710545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.0528,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99415873,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"11","first_page":"6006","last_page":"6037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7765886783599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideology","display_name":"Ideology","score":0.6663865447044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6519759297370911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.5178220868110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5146323442459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/funnel","display_name":"Funnel","score":0.5060719847679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.47583866119384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.4719245433807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.4634200632572174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.4214032292366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3402295708656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28181809186935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17995181679725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07997220754623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.06259772181510925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7765886783599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.6663865447044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6519759297370911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5178220868110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5146323442459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17435862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29957","display_name":"Funnel","level":2,"score":0.5060719847679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.47583866119384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.4719245433807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.4634200632572174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.4214032292366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3402295708656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28181809186935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17995181679725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07997220754623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06259772181510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448241262415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241262415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41221511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41221511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New media & society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11410162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12599886","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12599886/pdf/10.1177_14614448241262415.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:d8097de0-4846-42de-a97e-abcd0b1342f8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/d8097de0-4846-42de-a97e-abcd0b1342f8","pdf_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/191990303/Platforms_for_Politics_May2024final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1461-4448","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11410162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12599886","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12599886/pdf/10.1177_14614448241262415.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1093878808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"435-2019-04-94","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","funder_display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319880","display_name":"Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010q4q527"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5jqy92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401035240.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401035240.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W578092267","https://openalex.org/W1847724337","https://openalex.org/W2021930613","https://openalex.org/W2035381879","https://openalex.org/W2038813452","https://openalex.org/W2077866444","https://openalex.org/W2128106636","https://openalex.org/W2141681057","https://openalex.org/W2312389023","https://openalex.org/W2588479716","https://openalex.org/W2600736460","https://openalex.org/W2738937440","https://openalex.org/W2743853036","https://openalex.org/W2793806178","https://openalex.org/W2794863590","https://openalex.org/W2803640008","https://openalex.org/W2869542630","https://openalex.org/W2889127731","https://openalex.org/W2899928148","https://openalex.org/W2910149736","https://openalex.org/W2963909919","https://openalex.org/W2971563760","https://openalex.org/W2974755831","https://openalex.org/W2990881221","https://openalex.org/W3041866901","https://openalex.org/W3082093598","https://openalex.org/W3094101919","https://openalex.org/W3103482043","https://openalex.org/W3153742835","https://openalex.org/W3167344319","https://openalex.org/W3190401833","https://openalex.org/W3199505005","https://openalex.org/W3203216031","https://openalex.org/W3207061606","https://openalex.org/W3213385941","https://openalex.org/W4200366271","https://openalex.org/W4200402169","https://openalex.org/W4205299311","https://openalex.org/W4206125442","https://openalex.org/W4211019292","https://openalex.org/W4220825383","https://openalex.org/W4232455859","https://openalex.org/W4254994113","https://openalex.org/W4288695226","https://openalex.org/W4292112473","https://openalex.org/W4298055475","https://openalex.org/W4308433048","https://openalex.org/W4309190985","https://openalex.org/W4385724492","https://openalex.org/W4386713598","https://openalex.org/W4388566151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2073875810","https://openalex.org/W2356551568","https://openalex.org/W2081113335","https://openalex.org/W2358635018","https://openalex.org/W4242602405","https://openalex.org/W2364686644","https://openalex.org/W2889922688","https://openalex.org/W2368101485","https://openalex.org/W3201452447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Citizens":[0],"have":[1,146],"increasingly":[2],"diversified":[3],"their":[4],"use":[5,22],"of":[6,63,84,151],"social":[7],"media":[8],"platforms,":[9,65],"raising":[10],"questions":[11],"about":[12,46],"which":[13],"platforms":[14],"are":[15,71,75],"adopted":[16],"and":[17,33,40,53,60,69,82,132],"for":[18,148],"what":[19],"purposes.":[20],"We":[21,98],"survey":[23],"data":[24],"from":[25],"four":[26,96],"countries":[27],"(Canada,":[28],"France,":[29],"the":[30,34,58,103,149],"United":[31,35],"States,":[32],"Kingdom)":[36],"gathered":[37],"in":[38],"2019":[39],"2021":[41],"(":[42],"n":[43],"=":[44],"12,302)":[45],"Facebook,":[47],"YouTube,":[48],"Instagram,":[49],"Twitter,":[50],"Reddit,":[51,67],"Snapchat,":[52,68],"WhatsApp.":[54],"Political":[55],"ideology":[56],"predicts":[57],"adoption":[59],"political":[61,85,130],"uses":[62],"all":[64,95],"but":[66],"WhatsApp":[70],"distinctive.":[72],"Right-wing":[73],"users":[74],"more":[76],"likely":[77],"to":[78,81,102,108,117],"report":[79],"exposure":[80],"posting":[83],"content":[86],"on":[87],"these":[88,100],"platforms;":[89],"this":[90,137],"pattern":[91],"is":[92],"consistent":[93],"across":[94],"countries.":[97],"relate":[99],"findings":[101,145],"distinct":[104],"network":[105],"features":[106],"compared":[107],"other":[109],"platforms.":[110],"Our":[111],"large":[112,123],"sample":[113],"size":[114],"allows":[115],"us":[116],"document":[118],"a":[119,126],"funnel":[120,138],"process":[121],"where":[122],"numbers":[124],"adopt":[125],"platform,":[127],"fewer":[128,134],"see":[129],"content,":[131],"even":[133],"post.":[135],"In":[136],"process,":[139],"ideological":[140],"differences":[141],"become":[142],"larger.":[143],"The":[144],"implications":[147],"formation":[150],"homogeneous":[152],"communities.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}