{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399677354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241255379","title":"Sowing \u201cseeds of doubt\u201d: Cottage industries of election and medical misinformation in Brazil and the United States","display_name":"Sowing \u201cseeds of doubt\u201d: Cottage industries of election and medical misinformation in Brazil and the United States","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399677354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241255379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448241255379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241255379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241255379","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082289302","display_name":"Amelia Hassoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-4763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amelia Hassoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-4763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068940271","display_name":"Gabrielle Borenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1894-7791"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabrielle Borenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["ReD Associates, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1894-7791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ReD Associates, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092609677","display_name":"Katy Osborn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1873-6501"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katy Osborn","raw_affiliation_strings":["ReD Associates, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1873-6501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ReD Associates, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084184976","display_name":"Jacob McAuliffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0388-6103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob McAuliffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054704736","display_name":"Beth Goldberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-6702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beth Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jigsaw (Google), USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-6702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jigsaw (Google), USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082289302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9966,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93454502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"10","first_page":"5710","last_page":"5735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.9663771986961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influencer-marketing","display_name":"Influencer marketing","score":0.7069506645202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4771442115306854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.468117892742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.46361809968948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.44874921441078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.429287314414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3733658492565155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36522936820983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3287791907787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.32730329036712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.26179105043411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1351051926612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11037641763687134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.9663771986961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26011011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6030243","display_name":"Influencer marketing","level":4,"score":0.7069506645202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4771442115306854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.468117892742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.46361809968948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.44874921441078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.429287314414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3733658492565155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36522936820983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3287791907787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32730329036712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.26179105043411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1351051926612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11037641763687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54649085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574424","display_name":"Relationship marketing","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192975520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143466","display_name":"Marketing management","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448241255379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241255379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448241255379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241255379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837189719","https://openalex.org/W2109893961","https://openalex.org/W2397129674","https://openalex.org/W2608014122","https://openalex.org/W2610353045","https://openalex.org/W2618838623","https://openalex.org/W2738479483","https://openalex.org/W2796536780","https://openalex.org/W2797202416","https://openalex.org/W2891163418","https://openalex.org/W3003606046","https://openalex.org/W3005848763","https://openalex.org/W3014767596","https://openalex.org/W3033408205","https://openalex.org/W3040042046","https://openalex.org/W3081379046","https://openalex.org/W3092042428","https://openalex.org/W3094306727","https://openalex.org/W3128392043","https://openalex.org/W3155429164","https://openalex.org/W3194432496","https://openalex.org/W3203107411","https://openalex.org/W4205231683","https://openalex.org/W4212931339","https://openalex.org/W4220865914","https://openalex.org/W4229079448","https://openalex.org/W4251175769","https://openalex.org/W4281564584","https://openalex.org/W4281614234","https://openalex.org/W4283461398","https://openalex.org/W4283790931","https://openalex.org/W4283829988","https://openalex.org/W4286809633","https://openalex.org/W4293100104","https://openalex.org/W4296079913","https://openalex.org/W4298395517","https://openalex.org/W4304754959","https://openalex.org/W4307956466","https://openalex.org/W4315797263","https://openalex.org/W4318182822","https://openalex.org/W4362639088","https://openalex.org/W4366550307","https://openalex.org/W4385276418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3197131596","https://openalex.org/W4390616380","https://openalex.org/W4388666321","https://openalex.org/W4205914924","https://openalex.org/W4283459170","https://openalex.org/W4220949352","https://openalex.org/W2962981892","https://openalex.org/W3006103249","https://openalex.org/W3018020935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,53,118],"conducted":[1],"ethnographic":[2],"research":[3,37],"with":[4],"31":[5],"misinformation":[6,39,49,126],"creators":[7],"and":[8,12,18,26,30,73,98,115,128],"consumers":[9],"in":[10,50,82],"Brazil":[11],"the":[13,120],"United":[14],"States":[15],"before,":[16],"during,":[17],"after":[19],"a":[20],"major":[21],"election":[22,29],"to":[23,36,76,90,110,131],"understand":[24],"consumption":[25],"production":[27],"of":[28,106,113],"medical":[31],"misinformation.":[32,133],"This":[33],"study":[34],"contributes":[35],"on":[38,43],"ecosystems":[40],"by":[41],"focusing":[42],"poorly":[44],"understood":[45],"\u201cmicro-influencers\u201d":[46],"who":[47],"create":[48],"peer-to-peer":[51],"networks.":[52],"detail":[54],"four":[55],"key":[56],"tactics":[57,75],"that":[58],"micro-influencers":[59,123],"use.":[60],"First,":[61],"they":[62,80,94,102],"disseminate":[63],"\u201cgray":[64],"area\u201d":[65],"content":[66,109],"rather":[67],"than":[68],"expert-falsified":[69],"claims,":[70],"using":[71],"aesthetic":[72],"rhetorical":[74],"evade":[77],"moderation.":[78],"Second,":[79],"post":[81,103],"small,":[83],"closed":[84],"groups":[85],"where":[86],"members":[87],"feel":[88],"predisposed":[89],"trust":[91],"content.":[92],"Third,":[93],"target":[95],"consumers\u2019":[96],"emotional":[97],"social":[99],"needs.":[100],"Finally,":[101],"high":[104],"volumes":[105],"short,":[107],"repetitive":[108],"plant":[111],"\u201cseeds":[112],"doubt\u201d":[114],"build":[116],"trust.":[117],"discuss":[119],"implications":[121],"these":[122],"have":[124],"for":[125],"interventions":[127],"platforms\u2019":[129],"efforts":[130],"moderate":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}