{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367394419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231164995","title":"The influencer pay gap: Platform labor meets racial capitalism","display_name":"The influencer pay gap: Platform labor meets racial capitalism","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367394419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231164995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448231164995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231164995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039558525","display_name":"Ang\u00e8le Christin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7437-2013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ang\u00e8le Christin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7437-2013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032446414","display_name":"Yingdan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-6070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingdan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-6070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032446414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.7286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99419125,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"7212","last_page":"7235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11540","display_name":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influencer-marketing","display_name":"Influencer marketing","score":0.9519102573394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6036128997802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage","display_name":"Wage","score":0.4421502351760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negotiation","display_name":"Negotiation","score":0.4296712279319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.3889266848564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.371442973613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36351603269577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3151581287384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.26733309030532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.21396055817604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-economics","display_name":"Labour economics","score":0.20959162712097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.09559881687164307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26011011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6030243","display_name":"Influencer marketing","level":4,"score":0.9519102573394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6036128997802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.4421502351760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.4296712279319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3889266848564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.371442973613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36351603269577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3151581287384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26733309030532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21396055817604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.20959162712097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.09559881687164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54649085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574424","display_name":"Relationship marketing","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192975520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143466","display_name":"Marketing management","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448231164995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231164995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308507","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W389133725","https://openalex.org/W1577374322","https://openalex.org/W1601337787","https://openalex.org/W1971530845","https://openalex.org/W1982607212","https://openalex.org/W1985749074","https://openalex.org/W2014060834","https://openalex.org/W2055699460","https://openalex.org/W2171323324","https://openalex.org/W2590882924","https://openalex.org/W2750920029","https://openalex.org/W2803753421","https://openalex.org/W2885312348","https://openalex.org/W2956705999","https://openalex.org/W2957654274","https://openalex.org/W2965628158","https://openalex.org/W2971006689","https://openalex.org/W2983291947","https://openalex.org/W2990377266","https://openalex.org/W2990520658","https://openalex.org/W3003646990","https://openalex.org/W3019960341","https://openalex.org/W3036917935","https://openalex.org/W3036998917","https://openalex.org/W3037550574","https://openalex.org/W3092302198","https://openalex.org/W3093398560","https://openalex.org/W3112405903","https://openalex.org/W3123029532","https://openalex.org/W3150330015","https://openalex.org/W3152387696","https://openalex.org/W3166169097","https://openalex.org/W3175240526","https://openalex.org/W3199984428","https://openalex.org/W3211007677","https://openalex.org/W4213279905","https://openalex.org/W4230414750","https://openalex.org/W4235204989","https://openalex.org/W4236004739","https://openalex.org/W4249749121","https://openalex.org/W4250715333","https://openalex.org/W4251102464","https://openalex.org/W4254065653","https://openalex.org/W4255595543","https://openalex.org/W4309329930","https://openalex.org/W4310995092","https://openalex.org/W4365388135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4297998858","https://openalex.org/W3032906336","https://openalex.org/W4387516697","https://openalex.org/W2888161589","https://openalex.org/W4390684555","https://openalex.org/W4298012679","https://openalex.org/W4285058228","https://openalex.org/W4285206610","https://openalex.org/W3018020935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"research":[1],"emphasizes":[2],"the":[3,9,28,57,127],"precarity":[4],"of":[5,11,30,52,98,106,129],"workers":[6],"engaged":[7],"in":[8,69,120],"exchange":[10],"goods":[12],"and":[13,131,142],"services":[14],"through":[15],"digital":[16,135],"platforms.":[17,46],"Yet":[18],"few":[19],"studies":[20],"have":[21],"systematically":[22],"examined":[23],"how":[24],"racial":[25,140],"discrimination":[26],"shapes":[27],"opportunities":[29],"platform":[31],"workers.":[32],"Here,":[33],"we":[34,61],"focus":[35],"on":[36,43,48,85],"influencers,":[37],"or":[38,118],"people":[39],"who":[40],"monetize":[41],"content":[42],"social":[44,89,147],"media":[45,90,148],"Drawing":[47],"a":[49],"mixed-method":[50],"analysis":[51],"1,082":[53],"posts":[54],"crowdsourced":[55],"by":[56,134],"@InfluencerPayGap":[58],"Instagram":[59],"account,":[60],"document":[62],"three":[63],"findings.":[64],"First,":[65],"while":[66],"most":[67],"influencers":[68,97,105,113],"our":[70],"sample":[71],"received":[72],"monetary":[73,116],"payment":[74],"for":[75],"sponsored":[76],"campaigns,":[77],"rates":[78],"are":[79,92,108],"significantly":[80],"lower":[81],"than":[82,101,111],"expected":[83],"based":[84],"industry":[86],"estimates.":[87],"Second,":[88],"metrics":[91],"racialized":[93],"to":[94,114,126],"justify":[95],"paying":[96],"color":[99,107],"less":[100,109],"white":[102,112],"influencers.":[103,149],"Third,":[104],"likely":[110],"receive":[115],"compensation":[117],"succeed":[119],"their":[121],"negotiations":[122],"with":[123],"brands.":[124],"Contrary":[125],"rhetoric":[128],"fairness":[130],"democratization":[132],"promoted":[133],"platforms,":[136],"these":[137],"dynamics":[138],"reproduce":[139],"domination":[141],"undermine":[143],"collective":[144],"action":[145],"among":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T06:06:40.768181","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}