{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200576326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061336","title":"Implications of online incidental and selective exposure for political emotions: Affective polarization during elections","display_name":"Implications of online incidental and selective exposure for political emotions: Affective polarization during elections","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200576326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448211061336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061336","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054242038","display_name":"Qinfeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8038-0274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinfeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8038-0274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045701523","display_name":"Brian E. Weeks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2355-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian E Weeks","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2355-2302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066513392","display_name":"Nojin Kwak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nojin Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054242038"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9466827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"450","last_page":"472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.7296767234802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.5946926474571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"Anger","score":0.5899754762649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-system","display_name":"Presidential system","score":0.5535022020339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5474361777305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-election","display_name":"Presidential election","score":0.51112300157547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enthusiasm","display_name":"Enthusiasm","score":0.49957942962646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4844675064086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.46149691939353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.4594185948371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-seeking","display_name":"Information seeking","score":0.43575918674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2988237738609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.104451984167099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7296767234802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5946926474571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.5899754762649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.5535022020339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5474361777305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858439","display_name":"Presidential election","level":3,"score":0.51112300157547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840407","display_name":"Enthusiasm","level":2,"score":0.49957942962646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4844675064086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46149691939353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.4594185948371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776636917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3772297","display_name":"Information seeking","level":2,"score":0.43575918674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2988237738609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.104451984167099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448211061336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/7239ada1-9ee5-4540-8c8b-1584a7068f8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/7239ada1-9ee5-4540-8c8b-1584a7068f8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zhu, Q, Weeks, B & Kwak, N 2024, 'Implications of online incidental and selective exposure for political emotions : Affective polarization during elections', New Media and Society, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 450-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061336","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/7239ada1-9ee5-4540-8c8b-1584a7068f8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/7239ada1-9ee5-4540-8c8b-1584a7068f8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhu, Q, Weeks, B & Kwak, N 2024, 'Implications of online incidental and selective exposure for political emotions : Affective polarization during elections', New Media and Society, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 450-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061336","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14614448211061336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W985735314","https://openalex.org/W1494689044","https://openalex.org/W1576184215","https://openalex.org/W1686065478","https://openalex.org/W1849190772","https://openalex.org/W1922453393","https://openalex.org/W1925431452","https://openalex.org/W1979470568","https://openalex.org/W1993513864","https://openalex.org/W1995560574","https://openalex.org/W2012245301","https://openalex.org/W2026805706","https://openalex.org/W2030364916","https://openalex.org/W2031691459","https://openalex.org/W2036905936","https://openalex.org/W2047553991","https://openalex.org/W2047651311","https://openalex.org/W2069588455","https://openalex.org/W2074027994","https://openalex.org/W2084291842","https://openalex.org/W2089176229","https://openalex.org/W2097781223","https://openalex.org/W2106948692","https://openalex.org/W2107214803","https://openalex.org/W2111691499","https://openalex.org/W2112687664","https://openalex.org/W2121451734","https://openalex.org/W2124751389","https://openalex.org/W2130602313","https://openalex.org/W2132490153","https://openalex.org/W2137809006","https://openalex.org/W2148685192","https://openalex.org/W2154637800","https://openalex.org/W2167701324","https://openalex.org/W2175873029","https://openalex.org/W2226773660","https://openalex.org/W2278427776","https://openalex.org/W2302938491","https://openalex.org/W2307514960","https://openalex.org/W2324622157","https://openalex.org/W2336724834","https://openalex.org/W2492730909","https://openalex.org/W2529102788","https://openalex.org/W2545829208","https://openalex.org/W2606421077","https://openalex.org/W2747005671","https://openalex.org/W2753353351","https://openalex.org/W2762275860","https://openalex.org/W2792438247","https://openalex.org/W2794887715","https://openalex.org/W2886271739","https://openalex.org/W2889127731","https://openalex.org/W2900230278","https://openalex.org/W2902033609","https://openalex.org/W2904152473","https://openalex.org/W2945363068","https://openalex.org/W2947726473","https://openalex.org/W2966100557","https://openalex.org/W2974755831","https://openalex.org/W3003483085","https://openalex.org/W3018844630","https://openalex.org/W3020629000","https://openalex.org/W3024638662","https://openalex.org/W3033986341","https://openalex.org/W3037562026","https://openalex.org/W3095417376","https://openalex.org/W3132403250","https://openalex.org/W4232455859","https://openalex.org/W4298269138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151328441","https://openalex.org/W2392738674","https://openalex.org/W2390409831","https://openalex.org/W3018011161","https://openalex.org/W2356952453","https://openalex.org/W1553417351","https://openalex.org/W2399852854","https://openalex.org/W2367268653","https://openalex.org/W4240267486","https://openalex.org/W2808718538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"and":[2,41,62,82,103],"social":[3],"media":[4,44],"create":[5],"an":[6],"environment":[7],"in":[8,66],"which":[9],"individuals":[10],"can":[11],"selectively":[12],"approach":[13],"information":[14,27,34,94,143],"supporting":[15],"their":[16,30],"political":[17,53,69,93,101,117,125],"worldviews":[18],"while":[19],"also":[20],"being":[21],"incidentally":[22],"exposed":[23],"to":[24,46,141],"socially":[25],"shared":[26],"that":[28,90,138],"challenges":[29],"beliefs.":[31],"These":[32],"competing":[33],"consumption":[35],"patterns":[36],"may":[37],"help":[38],"explain":[39],"whether":[40],"how":[42,58],"digital":[43],"contribute":[45],"affective":[47],"polarization":[48],"(i.e.":[49],"affect-based":[50],"division":[51],"between":[52],"groups).":[54],"This":[55],"study":[56],"examines":[57],"pro-attitudinal":[59,130],"selective":[60,131],"exposure":[61,65,121,140],"counter-attitudinal":[63],"incidental":[64,120],"tandem":[67],"influence":[68],"emotions.":[70],"Using":[71],"data":[72],"from":[73],"2,":[74],"two-wave":[75],"panel":[76],"surveys":[77],"conducted":[78],"during":[79],"the":[80,111],"2016":[81],"2020":[83],"US":[84],"presidential":[85],"elections,":[86],"our":[87],"findings":[88],"demonstrate":[89],"seeking":[91],"consonant":[92],"is":[95],"consistently":[96],"associated":[97,128],"with":[98,129],"anger":[99],"toward":[100,105],"opponents":[102],"enthusiasm":[104],"like-minded":[106],"partisans.":[107],"In":[108],"contrast,":[109],"despite":[110],"purported":[112],"democratic":[113],"benefits":[114],"endowed":[115],"on":[116],"disagreement,":[118],"cross-cutting":[119],"does":[122],"not":[123],"temper":[124],"emotional":[126],"responses":[127],"exposure.":[132],"However,":[133],"we":[134],"find":[135],"little":[136],"evidence":[137],"unexpected":[139],"disagreeable":[142],"backfires":[144],"either.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
