{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944528918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818821372","title":"The Internet and political (in)equality in the Arab world: A multi-country study of the relationship between Internet news use, press freedom, and protest participation","display_name":"The Internet and political (in)equality in the Arab world: A multi-country study of the relationship between Internet news use, press freedom, and protest participation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944528918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818821372","mag":"2944528918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444818821372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818821372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042133242","display_name":"Saifuddin Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6372-213X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saifuddin Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010511810","display_name":"Jaeho Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9966-5157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaeho Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042133242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85637499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1065","last_page":"1084"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.8050893545150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-the-press","display_name":"Freedom of the press","score":0.6988997459411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.67429518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","score":0.6714537143707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.6371086239814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-divide","display_name":"Digital divide","score":0.5637356638908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.562635600566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.5528702735900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-values-survey","display_name":"World Values Survey","score":0.46618056297302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-users","display_name":"Internet users","score":0.4175289273262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.35781097412109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.16258496046066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12677130103111267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.8050893545150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75952962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22688","display_name":"Freedom of the press","level":3,"score":0.6988997459411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.67429518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6714537143707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6371086239814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.5637356638908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.562635600566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5528702735900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184048983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316242","display_name":"World Values Survey","level":2,"score":0.46618056297302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019036681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"Internet users","level":3,"score":0.4175289273262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35781097412109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.16258496046066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12677130103111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444818821372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818821372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/151808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/151808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W226559235","https://openalex.org/W237271557","https://openalex.org/W339285992","https://openalex.org/W1492062482","https://openalex.org/W1502300125","https://openalex.org/W1952552476","https://openalex.org/W1990291963","https://openalex.org/W1991326951","https://openalex.org/W1998247364","https://openalex.org/W2003125370","https://openalex.org/W2024962533","https://openalex.org/W2025637830","https://openalex.org/W2047651311","https://openalex.org/W2060673703","https://openalex.org/W2079445663","https://openalex.org/W2091379279","https://openalex.org/W2099556653","https://openalex.org/W2102028610","https://openalex.org/W2104088510","https://openalex.org/W2111908176","https://openalex.org/W2123835189","https://openalex.org/W2146307317","https://openalex.org/W2148299999","https://openalex.org/W2149231765","https://openalex.org/W2205319774","https://openalex.org/W2260824197","https://openalex.org/W2278427776","https://openalex.org/W2290147799","https://openalex.org/W2330168106","https://openalex.org/W2484986637","https://openalex.org/W2513691427","https://openalex.org/W2540111679","https://openalex.org/W2797385136","https://openalex.org/W3207498189","https://openalex.org/W4211255952","https://openalex.org/W4233677512","https://openalex.org/W4244147025","https://openalex.org/W4246137507","https://openalex.org/W4246931050","https://openalex.org/W4247597440","https://openalex.org/W4294629812","https://openalex.org/W4300878759","https://openalex.org/W4388174752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998502850","https://openalex.org/W2403018341","https://openalex.org/W1503874501","https://openalex.org/W2049566038","https://openalex.org/W1580380955","https://openalex.org/W2884987628","https://openalex.org/W2161638098","https://openalex.org/W204325261","https://openalex.org/W3122859177","https://openalex.org/W2944528918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,6,12,30,67,70,84,101,107,123,127,131,142,146],"role":[4,68,125],"of":[5,32,69,83,87,103,126,134],"Internet":[7,26,37,71,94],"in":[8,11,72,106,116],"protest":[9,33,74,104],"participation":[10,43,75,105],"Arab":[13,88,108,147],"world.":[14,148],"More":[15],"specifically,":[16],"we":[17],"aim":[18],"to":[19,65],"address":[20],"three":[21],"important":[22],"questions:":[23],"(1)":[24],"Does":[25,36],"news":[27,38,95],"use":[28,39,96],"increase":[29],"chances":[31],"participation?":[34],"(2)":[35],"amplify":[40],"or":[41],"reduce":[42],"gaps":[44],"that":[45,93],"exist":[46],"among":[47],"individuals":[48],"at":[49],"various":[50],"socioeconomic":[51,114],"strata?":[52],"(3)":[53],"How":[54],"does":[55],"a":[56,62],"country\u2019s":[57],"press":[58,120],"freedom":[59,121],"act":[60],"as":[61],"contextual":[63],"factor":[64],"shape":[66],"affecting":[73],"gaps?":[76],"The":[77],"results":[78],"based":[79],"on":[80],"an":[81],"analysis":[82],"third":[85],"wave":[86],"Democracy":[89],"Barometer":[90],"survey":[91],"suggest":[92],"for":[97,137,145],"political":[98,138],"purposes":[99],"increases":[100],"likelihood":[102],"world":[109],"while":[110],"it":[111],"also":[112],"deepens":[113],"stratification":[115],"participation.":[117],"Furthermore,":[118],"national":[119],"shapes":[122],"intervening":[124],"Internet.":[128],"We":[129],"discuss":[130],"theoretical":[132],"implications":[133],"these":[135],"findings":[136],"inequality":[139],"literature":[140],"and":[141],"practical":[143],"consequences":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
