{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896165557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818801317","title":"Privacy and the Panopticon: Online mass surveillance\u2019s deterrence and chilling effects","display_name":"Privacy and the Panopticon: Online mass surveillance\u2019s deterrence and chilling effects","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896165557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818801317","mag":"2896165557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444818801317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818801317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065388500","display_name":"Elizabeth Stoycheff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Stoycheff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446311","display_name":"Juan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-2284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102607778","display_name":"Cleveland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002tx1f22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cleveland State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101824943","display_name":"Kai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-6730"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075005056","display_name":"Kunto Adi Wibowo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-7221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunto Wibowo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065388500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.837,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96484729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"602","last_page":"619"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panopticon","display_name":"Panopticon","score":0.7559529542922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6326430439949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.5696256160736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence-theory","display_name":"Deterrence theory","score":0.560168981552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5511354207992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5415963530540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.49731162190437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence","display_name":"Empirical evidence","score":0.48303207755088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence","display_name":"Deterrence (psychology)","score":0.46201765537261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4520067572593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4514719843864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphor","display_name":"Metaphor","score":0.4233390688896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4096432626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.39496803283691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.37487608194351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.35647445917129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3255515694618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2855435013771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2312782108783722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10761049389839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.09473952651023865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138569888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828310","display_name":"Panopticon","level":3,"score":0.7559529542922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6326430439949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.5696256160736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.560168981552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5511354207992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5415963530540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.49731162190437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.48303207755088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780982575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332142","display_name":"Deterrence (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46201765537261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4520067572593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4514719843864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.4233390688896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4096432626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39496803283691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.37487608194351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35647445917129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3255515694618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2855435013771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2312782108783722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10761049389839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09473952651023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444818801317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818801317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:csuepress.columbusstate.edu:bibliography_faculty-4290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/bibliography_faculty/3386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196711","display_name":"CSU ePress (Columbus State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I199172307","host_organization_name":"Columbus State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Bibliography","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309272","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312452","display_name":"Columbus State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002nf6z37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329092","display_name":"Universitas Padjadjaran","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqf8t64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591137247","https://openalex.org/W1042953836","https://openalex.org/W1511654854","https://openalex.org/W1540668973","https://openalex.org/W1763615133","https://openalex.org/W1896971076","https://openalex.org/W1966371634","https://openalex.org/W1968444823","https://openalex.org/W1971410477","https://openalex.org/W1978417760","https://openalex.org/W1983947903","https://openalex.org/W1999712917","https://openalex.org/W2018736781","https://openalex.org/W2025875511","https://openalex.org/W2057447351","https://openalex.org/W2069614095","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2077549996","https://openalex.org/W2105502623","https://openalex.org/W2105689432","https://openalex.org/W2110755434","https://openalex.org/W2119298903","https://openalex.org/W2126302787","https://openalex.org/W2142793955","https://openalex.org/W2143391962","https://openalex.org/W2143543430","https://openalex.org/W2154517265","https://openalex.org/W2164803079","https://openalex.org/W2262553067","https://openalex.org/W2308521985","https://openalex.org/W2311698375","https://openalex.org/W2317574555","https://openalex.org/W2326657680","https://openalex.org/W2327799746","https://openalex.org/W2338948964","https://openalex.org/W2340933150","https://openalex.org/W2460728011","https://openalex.org/W2477116291","https://openalex.org/W2520684935","https://openalex.org/W2531637731","https://openalex.org/W2557096157","https://openalex.org/W2735711186","https://openalex.org/W2744815813","https://openalex.org/W2798105348","https://openalex.org/W3121497648","https://openalex.org/W3121895866","https://openalex.org/W4230697273","https://openalex.org/W4235098900","https://openalex.org/W4237654285","https://openalex.org/W4243369708","https://openalex.org/W4289256514","https://openalex.org/W4299927410","https://openalex.org/W4301407694","https://openalex.org/W4380763704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3156478201","https://openalex.org/W3147028673","https://openalex.org/W2772586704","https://openalex.org/W130230604","https://openalex.org/W4245499630","https://openalex.org/W3036177538","https://openalex.org/W2150330834","https://openalex.org/W28083533","https://openalex.org/W3199923409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Panopticon":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3,77],"popular":[4],"metaphor":[5],"in":[6,55,83],"discussions":[7],"about":[8],"mass":[9],"surveillance.":[10],"Drawing":[11],"on":[12],"deterrence":[13],"theory":[14],"and":[15,110],"chilling":[16,91],"effects,":[17],"we":[18],"provide":[19],"two":[20],"empirical":[21],"tests":[22],"of":[23,30,40,73,79],"this":[24,74],"analogy":[25],"to":[26,53,62,96],"examine":[27],"whether":[28],"perceptions":[29],"online":[31,42,99],"government":[32],"surveillance":[33,48],"suppress":[34],"or":[35,103],"entirely":[36],"eradicate":[37],"an":[38,58],"array":[39],"sensitive":[41],"activities.":[43],"Study":[44,68],"1":[45],"indicates":[46],"that":[47,60,89],"significantly":[49],"deters":[50],"individuals\u2019":[51],"intentions":[52],"engage":[54],"illegal":[56],"offenses,":[57],"effect":[59,75],"extends":[61],"political,":[63],"but":[64],"not":[65,94],"privacy-protective":[66],"behaviors.":[67],"2":[69],"retests":[70],"the":[71,84],"pervasiveness":[72],"with":[76],"sample":[78],"Muslims":[80],"who":[81],"reside":[82],"United":[85],"States.":[86],"Results":[87],"indicate":[88],"restrictive":[90],"effects":[92],"are":[93,113],"specific":[95],"any":[97],"one":[98],"population,":[100],"experimental":[101],"stimuli,":[102],"political":[104,109],"context.":[105],"Implications":[106],"for":[107],"US":[108],"social":[111],"systems":[112],"discussed.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T06:06:40.768181","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
