{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2578619259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816687293","title":"Street-level: Google Street View\u2019s abstraction by datafication","display_name":"Street-level: Google Street View\u2019s abstraction by datafication","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2578619259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816687293","mag":"2578619259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444816687293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816687293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041550763","display_name":"Aaron Shapiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-6914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041550763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7033,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95515042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"1201","last_page":"1219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12965","display_name":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13877","display_name":"Law in Society and Culture","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contest","display_name":"CONTEST","score":0.7724064588546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/objectivity","display_name":"Objectivity (philosophy)","score":0.6563873291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.5864132046699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5719478130340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.5614038705825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5295328497886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essentialism","display_name":"Essentialism","score":0.5070748329162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4769679009914398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.41525474190711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.39804375171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3593367338180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.3476608395576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18224096298217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12081289291381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.09979414939880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09698688983917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.0966559648513794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777582232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013414","display_name":"CONTEST","level":2,"score":0.7724064588546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2482559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206330","display_name":"Objectivity (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6563873291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5864132046699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5719478130340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.5614038705825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5295328497886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153683151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391156","display_name":"Essentialism","level":2,"score":0.5070748329162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4769679009914398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.41525474190711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.39804375171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3593367338180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.3476608395576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18224096298217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12081289291381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.09979414939880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09698688983917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0966559648513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444816687293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816687293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media &amp; Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309369","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311898","display_name":"American Association of Geographers","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc91t34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500693574","https://openalex.org/W1515490832","https://openalex.org/W1530188891","https://openalex.org/W1599781591","https://openalex.org/W1602929454","https://openalex.org/W1779680771","https://openalex.org/W1885877572","https://openalex.org/W1965678969","https://openalex.org/W1965823806","https://openalex.org/W1966312509","https://openalex.org/W1968147892","https://openalex.org/W1978338723","https://openalex.org/W1979728958","https://openalex.org/W2005500245","https://openalex.org/W2007027649","https://openalex.org/W2009885196","https://openalex.org/W2020905918","https://openalex.org/W2029039001","https://openalex.org/W2046187150","https://openalex.org/W2050731646","https://openalex.org/W2052498982","https://openalex.org/W2068044530","https://openalex.org/W2068833892","https://openalex.org/W2068883041","https://openalex.org/W2076696864","https://openalex.org/W2086639367","https://openalex.org/W2100747086","https://openalex.org/W2102508587","https://openalex.org/W2115395090","https://openalex.org/W2119301477","https://openalex.org/W2125186487","https://openalex.org/W2133421281","https://openalex.org/W2135590790","https://openalex.org/W2136238011","https://openalex.org/W2145919769","https://openalex.org/W2148794846","https://openalex.org/W2161625732","https://openalex.org/W2174817186","https://openalex.org/W2314073834","https://openalex.org/W2314427219","https://openalex.org/W2319600911","https://openalex.org/W2499834812","https://openalex.org/W2582719193","https://openalex.org/W2609302793","https://openalex.org/W2982314133","https://openalex.org/W3121896132","https://openalex.org/W3124240737","https://openalex.org/W3124520633","https://openalex.org/W3126025468","https://openalex.org/W3146083582","https://openalex.org/W4214862052","https://openalex.org/W4229822108","https://openalex.org/W4233546686","https://openalex.org/W4234500067","https://openalex.org/W4244328120","https://openalex.org/W4246070010","https://openalex.org/W4249295933","https://openalex.org/W4252173561","https://openalex.org/W4253688080","https://openalex.org/W4391374887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946214509","https://openalex.org/W2735088306","https://openalex.org/W4286740636","https://openalex.org/W2628063975","https://openalex.org/W2356479129","https://openalex.org/W2387346515","https://openalex.org/W2352196451","https://openalex.org/W2590086693","https://openalex.org/W3121756566","https://openalex.org/W2381260192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"aerial":[1],"photography":[2],"is":[3],"associated":[4],"with":[5,115,154],"vertical":[6],"objectivity":[7],"and":[8,73,78],"spatial":[9],"abstractions,":[10],"street-level":[11,33,47,120],"imagery":[12,34,121],"appears":[13],"less":[14],"political":[15],"in":[16,95],"its":[17],"orientation":[18],"to":[19,128],"the":[20,30,40,109,147],"particularities":[21],"of":[22,32,43,75,86,97,113,119,135,149,152],"place.":[23],"I":[24],"contest":[25],"this":[26,136],"assumption,":[27],"showing":[28],"how":[29],"aggregation":[31],"into":[35],"\u201cbig":[36],"datasets\u201d":[37],"allows":[38],"for":[39,106,142],"algorithmic":[41,65],"sorting":[42],"places":[44,63],"by":[45,55],"their":[46],"visual":[48,68],"qualities.":[49],"This":[50],"occurs":[51],"through":[52,64],"an":[53],"abstraction":[54],"\u201cdatafication,\u201d":[56],"inscribing":[57],"new":[58],"power":[59],"geometries":[60],"onto":[61],"urban":[62],"linkages":[66],"between":[67],"environmental":[69],"qualities,":[70],"geographic":[71],"information,":[72],"valuations":[74],"social":[76,155],"worth":[77],"risk.":[79,107],"Though":[80],"largely":[81],"missing":[82],"from":[83],"media":[84,125],"studies":[85,126],"Google":[87,129],"Street":[88,130],"View,":[89],"similar":[90],"issues":[91],"have":[92],"been":[93],"raised":[94],"critiques":[96],"criminological":[98],"theories":[99],"that":[100,145],"use":[101],"place":[102,153],"as":[103],"a":[104,123],"proxy":[105],"Comparing":[108],"Broken":[110],"Windows":[111],"theory":[112],"criminogenesis":[114],"big":[116],"data":[117],"applications":[118],"informs":[122],"critical":[124],"approach":[127],"View.":[131],"The":[132],"final":[133],"section":[134],"article":[137],"suggests":[138],"alternative":[139],"theoretical":[140],"orientations":[141],"algorithm":[143],"design":[144],"avoid":[146],"pitfalls":[148],"essentialist":[150],"equations":[151],"character.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
