{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2343242509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816644566","title":"The flow of digital labor","display_name":"The flow of digital labor","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2343242509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816644566","mag":"2343242509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444816644566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816644566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2449634","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032060919","display_name":"Eliane Bucher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-0070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181046868","display_name":"BI Norwegian Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/03ez40v33","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliane Bucher","raw_affiliation_strings":["BI Norwegian Business School, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BI Norwegian Business School, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064948649","display_name":"Christian Fieseler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2466-3867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181046868","display_name":"BI Norwegian Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/03ez40v33","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Fieseler","raw_affiliation_strings":["BI Norwegian Business School, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BI Norwegian Business School, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064948649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.918293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"1868","last_page":"1886"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13353","display_name":"Flow Experience in Various Fields","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.6351497173309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-flow","display_name":"Work flow","score":0.5653706789016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.42594799399375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.38357818126678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36768990755081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-economics","display_name":"Labour economics","score":0.3428671360015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.30194205045700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.18104013800621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.12823057174682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10694321990013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.09726595878601074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6351497173309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985179714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Work flow","level":2,"score":0.5653706789016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.42594799399375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38357818126678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36768990755081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3428671360015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30194205045700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18104013800621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12823057174682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10694321990013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.09726595878601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444816644566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816644566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biopen.bi.no:11250/2449634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2449634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1868\u20131886","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:biopen.bi.no:11250/2449634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2449634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1868\u20131886","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157117941","https://openalex.org/W751391810","https://openalex.org/W1500202203","https://openalex.org/W1501447279","https://openalex.org/W1538442083","https://openalex.org/W1550774812","https://openalex.org/W1569006877","https://openalex.org/W1595444319","https://openalex.org/W1602941406","https://openalex.org/W1783775687","https://openalex.org/W1930343824","https://openalex.org/W1970318334","https://openalex.org/W1972757415","https://openalex.org/W1976893898","https://openalex.org/W1978211877","https://openalex.org/W1980569376","https://openalex.org/W2008956246","https://openalex.org/W2010453024","https://openalex.org/W2013897994","https://openalex.org/W2015351884","https://openalex.org/W2034280589","https://openalex.org/W2038377683","https://openalex.org/W2040784023","https://openalex.org/W2042623444","https://openalex.org/W2042882066","https://openalex.org/W2045181804","https://openalex.org/W2045556173","https://openalex.org/W2045989042","https://openalex.org/W2074607631","https://openalex.org/W2082507057","https://openalex.org/W2083353365","https://openalex.org/W2085595739","https://openalex.org/W2097009687","https://openalex.org/W2097770355","https://openalex.org/W2101663602","https://openalex.org/W2106568252","https://openalex.org/W2107695355","https://openalex.org/W2114269021","https://openalex.org/W2117239512","https://openalex.org/W2118916162","https://openalex.org/W2119298903","https://openalex.org/W2119681300","https://openalex.org/W2137692999","https://openalex.org/W2137998117","https://openalex.org/W2139800256","https://openalex.org/W2140205964","https://openalex.org/W2141282920","https://openalex.org/W2141846678","https://openalex.org/W2143610760","https://openalex.org/W2144419511","https://openalex.org/W2147114218","https://openalex.org/W2151401338","https://openalex.org/W2170989440","https://openalex.org/W2314108770","https://openalex.org/W2321180122","https://openalex.org/W2335157529","https://openalex.org/W2396451064","https://openalex.org/W2596493239","https://openalex.org/W2616605651","https://openalex.org/W2795503973","https://openalex.org/W2889665522","https://openalex.org/W2991104879","https://openalex.org/W2995570798","https://openalex.org/W3015634246","https://openalex.org/W3094134784","https://openalex.org/W3121257585","https://openalex.org/W3122078363","https://openalex.org/W4231042348","https://openalex.org/W4242883546","https://openalex.org/W4249128071","https://openalex.org/W4252825741","https://openalex.org/W4292309245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2081647779","https://openalex.org/W4237750775","https://openalex.org/W1971810574","https://openalex.org/W2046168701","https://openalex.org/W2974511375","https://openalex.org/W2363313057","https://openalex.org/W2085338353","https://openalex.org/W2003196030","https://openalex.org/W2149976965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"microwork":[1,65],"is":[2],"a":[3,35,83],"type":[4],"of":[5,22,37,55,77,92,105,127],"labor":[6,24,50,115],"that":[7,46,59,121],"many\u2014typically":[8],"poorly":[9],"paid\u2014workers":[10],"engage":[11,112],"in.":[12],"In":[13],"our":[14],"research,":[15],"we":[16,44],"focus":[17],"on":[18,34,67],"an":[19],"experience-based":[20],"model":[21],"digital":[23,49,114,129],"and":[25,88,93,117],"the":[26,73,79,89,97,103,125],"nonmonetary":[27],"benefits":[28],"derived":[29,95],"from":[30,96],"such":[31,71],"activities.":[32],"Based":[33],"survey":[36],"701":[38],"workers":[39],"at":[40],"Amazon":[41],"Mechanical":[42],"Turk,":[43],"demonstrate":[45],"experiences":[47],"during":[48],"sequences":[51],"generate":[52],"flow-like":[53,61,106],"states":[54,62],"immersion.":[56],"We":[57],"show":[58],"reaching":[60],"while":[63],"performing":[64],"depends":[66],"certain":[68],"work":[69,130],"characteristics,":[70],"as":[72],"particular":[74],"worker\u2019s":[75,84],"degree":[76],"autonomy,":[78],"extent":[80],"to":[81,119,124],"which":[82],"skills":[85],"are":[86],"utilized,":[87],"apparent":[90],"significance":[91],"feedback":[94],"task.":[98],"The":[99],"results":[100],"both":[101],"highlight":[102],"importance":[104],"immersion":[107],"in":[108,113],"explaining":[109],"why":[110],"individuals":[111],"projects":[116],"point":[118],"avenues":[120],"can":[122],"lead":[123],"design":[126],"better":[128],"experiences.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-17T08:19:37.847499","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}