{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2326204440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816639976","title":"Tor, what is it good for? Political repression and the use of online anonymity-granting technologies","display_name":"Tor, what is it good for? Political repression and the use of online anonymity-granting technologies","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2326204440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816639976","mag":"2326204440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444816639976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816639976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052564789","display_name":"Eric Jardine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-314X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29816883","display_name":"Centre for International Governance Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/023e0em87","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29816883"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric Jardine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29816883"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052564789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29816883"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96735031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"435","last_page":"452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.9314476847648621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6877334117889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6496487259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5535851716995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5075808763504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-society","display_name":"Civil society","score":0.48125240206718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.37929150462150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3534345328807831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.32824552059173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.32405343651771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.31184279918670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1425997018814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.06697696447372437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.9314476847648621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6877334117889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6496487259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5535851716995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5075808763504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.48125240206718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.37929150462150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3534345328807831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.32824552059173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.32405343651771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.31184279918670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1425997018814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.06697696447372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1461444816639976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816639976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88603889","display_name":"New Media & Society","issn_l":"1461-4448","issn":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Media & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534899303","https://openalex.org/W1988926412","https://openalex.org/W2007593638","https://openalex.org/W2108582646","https://openalex.org/W2138833481","https://openalex.org/W2161419738","https://openalex.org/W2162724151","https://openalex.org/W2204654137","https://openalex.org/W2326788321","https://openalex.org/W4230957964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4245682105","https://openalex.org/W2920818131","https://openalex.org/W1512976449","https://openalex.org/W2015213159","https://openalex.org/W2488288225","https://openalex.org/W1810309132","https://openalex.org/W2414793018","https://openalex.org/W2002493897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Why":[0],"do":[1],"people":[2,14],"use":[3,86,123,129],"anonymity-granting":[4,130],"technologies":[5,131],"when":[6],"surfing":[7],"the":[8,23,31,79,85,88,99],"Internet?":[9],"Anecdotal":[10],"evidence":[11],"suggests":[12],"that":[13,78],"often":[15],"resort":[16],"to":[17,51,54,75,122,128,132],"using":[18],"online":[19],"anonymity":[20],"services,":[21],"like":[22],"Tor":[24,70,89,98,124],"network,":[25],"because":[26],"they":[27],"are":[28],"concerned":[29],"about":[30],"possibility":[32],"of":[33,65,87,97,111,119],"their":[34,37,126,134],"government":[35],"infringing":[36],"civil":[38],"and":[39,84,105,125],"political":[40,82,136],"rights,":[41],"especially":[42],"in":[43,101,138],"highly":[44,103,106,139],"repressive":[45,104,140],"regimes.":[46,141],"This":[47],"claim":[48],"has":[49],"yet":[50],"be":[52],"subject":[53],"rigorous":[55],"cross-national,":[56],"over":[57],"time":[58],"testing.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61,112],"article,":[62],"econometric":[63],"analysis":[64],"newly":[66],"compiled":[67],"data":[68],"on":[69],"network":[71,90],"usage":[72,96],"from":[73],"2011":[74],"2013":[76],"shows":[77],"relationship":[80,113],"between":[81],"repression":[83,94],"is":[91],"U-shaped.":[92],"Political":[93],"drives":[95],"most":[100],"both":[102],"liberal":[107],"contexts.":[108],"The":[109],"shape":[110],"plausibly":[114],"emerges":[115],"as":[116],"a":[117],"function":[118],"people\u2019s":[120],"opportunity":[121],"need":[127],"express":[133],"basic":[135],"rights":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}